Inadequate health literacy has been associated with worse health status and more hospitalizations. We examined the influence of personal characteristics and health literacy on body change distress, depressive symptoms, and HIV symptom intensity in a convenience sample of 489 HIV-seropositive adults throughout the United States. Health literacy was measured with the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine (REALM) instrument. Those with higher health literacy scores reported more body change distress, depressive symptoms, and HIV symptom intensity. Being Latino and having higher health literacy scores were associated with poorer health outcomes. These results challenge the utility of the REALM to examine the relationship between health literacy and adverse health status.

The problem of lack of nurses can be solved by employing student nurses. Obviously, nurse instructors and preceptors have to work extremely hard to train student nurses to meet the standard of nursing.

Managerial coaching has been reported as a successful leadership development approach that has potential benefit for nurses. It also was recognized as a powerful tool to promote personal and professional development in the nursing profession. Therefore, there is an increasing needs for reliable and valid assessment tools to measure the coaching skills of nurses in managerial positions. This study reviewed and revised an existing instrument created by (Park, McLean, and Yang, 2007) which measured coaching skills of managers in business and industrial organization. In order to adapt the original instrument to the nursing profession, this study firstly identified the five primary dimensions of the managerial coaching skills of head nurses through both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Review experts and a pilot study were

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Managerial coaching has been reported as a successful leadership development approach that has potential benefit for nurses. It also was recognized as a powerful tool to promote personal and professional development in the nursing profession. Therefore, there is an increasing needs for reliable and valid assessment tools to measure the coaching skills of nurses in managerial positions. This study reviewed and revised an existing instrument created by (Park, McLean, and Yang, 2007) which measured coaching skills of managers in business and industrial organization. In order to adapt the original instrument to the nursing profession, this study firstly identified the five primary dimensions of the managerial coaching skills of head nurses through both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Review experts and a pilot study were