Statistics educators have been investigating how students’ attitudes change in the introductory statistics course for many years. Typically, an overall decrease in mean attitudes over the course has been noted. However, when and how do students’ attitudes change during the term? Do they steadily decrease or is there a point when students’ attitudes might actually be increasing? If so, can instructors use this to their advantage? This research introduced a mid-semester survey of attitudes. We found that students’ attitudes are not necessarily strictly declining from the beginning to the end of the semester. We also found it might be advantageous to follow individual student attitude trends throughout the semester instead of just looking at aggregate mean scores for the different surveys. First published November 2017 at Statistics Education Research Journal Archives

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The statistical preparation of in-service teachers, particularly middle school teachers, has been an area of concern for several years. This paper discusses the creation and delivery of an introductory statistics course as part of a master's degree program for in-service mathematics teachers. The initial course development took place before the advent of the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics (CCSSM) and the Mathematics Education of Teachers (MET II) Reports, and even before the GAISE Pre-K-12 Report. Since then, even with the recommendations of MET II and the wide-spread implementation of the CCSSM, the guidance available to faculty wishing to develop a statistics course for professional development of inservice teachers remains scarce. We give an overview of the master's degree program and Journal of Statistics Education, Volume 22, Number 3 (2014) 2 discuss aspects of the course, including the goals for the course, course planning and development, the instructional team, course delivery and modifications, and lessons learned through five offerings. With this paper, we share our experiences developing such a course, the evolution of the course over multiple iterations, and what we have learned about its value to the middle-level teachers who have participated. As more and more universities are being asked to develop courses specifically for in-service teachers, we wrote this article in the hopes of providing guidance to others, and to share our lessons learned.

In this study, we examined how in-service middle-level mathematics teachers used statistics in their own classroom research. Using an embedded single-case design, we analyzed a purposefully selected sample of nine teachers’ classroom research papers, identifying several themes within each phase of the statistical problem solving process to summarize how teachers 1) planned studies and collected data, 2) analyzed data, and 3) interpreted results. The results illustrate the varying ways in which teachers used statistics to make data-based decisions about their classrooms, revealing teachers’ early development in their statistical thinking and suggesting that teachers’ required knowledge of statistics is multi-faceted, requiring both a pedagogical component and statistical knowledge for the teaching profession. Such findings have important implications for how we, as teacher educators, can best meet teachers’ professional needs. First published November 2018 at Statistics Education Research Journal Archives