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A dynamic intermodal multiproduct freight network simulation–assignment model is presented with application to a large-scale inter-modal rail network. Methodology pertaining to the simulation–assignment framework and representation and implementation considerations in dealing with large networks are discussed. The model is applied to a pan-European rail network spanning 11 countries from Scandinavia to Greece. Shipper decisions are disaggregated to an individual shipment level using a dynamic microassignment methodology in which a joint mode, path, service, and carrier choice is made. A mode choice function for this joint choice is calibrated, and issues relating to heterogeneity of freight characteristics are discussed. The model is validated by analyzing convergence patterns and measures of performance, namely, mode splits, compared with other studies. Two examples demonstrate the role of the model as a policy and decision support tool. The impact of expedited operations at international borders and infrastructure improvements on rail services is quantified.

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Over the past decade, the escalating roadway congestion and environmental deterioration due to heavy use of private vehicles have provoked the Taiwan government to realize the importance of public transport systems. Under the ''carrot-and-stick'' rationales, the government has formulated public transport policies and exercised a series of related initiatives by providing sufficient and higher quality of public transport services so as to attract more private vehicle users. In this paper, the planning philosophy and policy formulation of Taiwan's public transport development are highlighted. The most important initiatives, including the Five-year Enhancement of Mass Transportation Program and the upgrading public transport schemes in the National Development Plan are examined. Based on previous experience and lessons, we point out the most challenging issues that the government will encounter. Suggestions for the future of public transport planning are also addressed.

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