Bronok (Acaudina molpadioides) is a type of marine biota of the phylum Echinoderms class Holothuroidea that can empirically increase stamina and have positive effects on health. One of the infectious diseases such as diarrhea is caused by Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria which are still a major problem in public health and have the potential to cause death. Most of these bacteria have developed resistance to antibiotics This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of extracts of bronchus (Acaudina molpadioides) against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. In addition, this study uses the disc diffusion method with concentrations of 25%, 50% and 75% with the sample used is bronchoconstriction extract. The results of the bland zone diameter showed that methanol extract was able to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with an average diameter of 4.1 mm, 5.3 mm, and 5.8 mm, ethyl acetate extract which is 4.7 mm, 6.2 mm, and 15.2 mm. Methanol extract showed resistance to Escherichia coli bacteria with an average diameter of 3.7 mm, 4.5mm, and 5 mm. The results of the bronok extract study (Acaudina molpadioides) had antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria in methanol and ethyl acetate extracts. Methanol extract has antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli bacteria. By looking at the inhibition zone of each solvent where the larger the inhibition zone, the stronger the antibacterial activity.

An antibacterial test of meniran herb extract (Phyllanthus niruri L.) against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Klebsiella pneumoniae has been carried out. Meniran herb powder was screened for phytochemicals to assess the secondary metabolites contained in it, then meniran herbs were extracted using the soxhletation method in stages with various solvents (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and 70% ethanol). The disc diffusion method was used to test the inhibition zone diameter of n-hexane extract, ethyl acetate extract, and ethanol extract against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Meniran herb extract was diluted with a concentration series using dimethylsulfoxide. Meniran herb extracts from the three types showed the best inhibition zone diameter when tested for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by the solid dilution method. The results showed that meniran herb powder contained flavonoids, saponins, tannins, glycosides, and steroids/terpenoids. Antibacterial tests showed that ethyl acetate and 70% ethanol extracts had antibacterial activity only against Staphylococcus epidermidis. The antibacterial activity of the two meniran herb extracts had the largest inhibition zone diameter against Staphylococcus epidermidis at a concentration of 50%, which was 12,33 mm for the ethyl acetate extract and 16,00 mm for the ethanol extract. The MIC test of the ethanol extract of the meniran herb, which had the best antibacterial activity, found that at a concentration of 2,5% it was able to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis.

Hypertension is one of the non-communicable diseases which is a problem in the health sector and is often found in primary health services. A person is said to suffer from hypertension when systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and diastolic pressure ≥ 90 mmHg. The use of antihypertensive drugs alone is proven to be insufficient to produce long-term blood pressure control effects if it is not supported by adherence to the use of antihypertension. The high incidence of hypertension in the world, is influenced by two types of factors, namely factors that cannot be changed such as age, sex, and race. Furthermore, factors that can be changed include obesity, alcohol consumption, lack of exercise, excessive salt consumption, and smoking habits. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the characteristics of hypertension sufferers with the level of adherence to take medication at Embung Fatimah District Hospital in Batam. This study used a cross-sectional descriptive study method using the MMAS-8 (Morisky Medication Adherence Scale) questionnaire. Respondents who were the subject of this study were suffering from hypertension at Embung Fatimah Regional Hospital in Batam. The sampling technique used is a simple random sampling technique with a total sample of 96 people. The results of this study generally showed that 36.5% of patients had high adherence to take hypertension medication while the remaining 13.5% of patients had moderate adherence and as many as 50% had high adherence. To support the success rate of hypertension treatment can be done with the presence of hypertension counseling so that adherence to taking medication for hypertension sufferers can increase.