This paper describes the design of a robot for cleaning rubbish floating on the water surface. Three important issues for designing the aquatic robots are a cost-effective solution along with robustness and durability. Due to the nature of the cleaning work, we designed the vehicle structure that can provide high stability, good ability in maneuver and can easily collect all the waste flowing in between. A pontoon shaped hull works best for this case and fulfils all the hydrostatic, structural stability criteria. For removal and collection of surface waste, a motor-driven collecting-arm system has been designed for collecting the wastes and redeploying it into a rectangular basket on the hull. This design provides simple and effective waste removal and accommodates large amounts of waste within a small space. For the prototype, the hulls were made up of styrofoam which is wrapped by fibre and then coated with waterproof and resin. It supported together by aluminum. This light and tough structure support the total weight of the system. The propulsion system based on a differential drive mechanism has been designed, which allows the robots to take a 360 turn on the spot and provides high thrust. Electronic circuit and motors have been placing inside the hull, in order to protect them from water. The robot is manually controlled by remote control based on Xbee Pro wireless modules. The testing of the robot prototype proved to be effective in waste collecting and removal. The maximum trash loads that robot can bear is up 16 kg.

Sejak lama kajian teks terus dilakukan, seolah ia tidak pernah lekang oleh waktu, terutama terhadap validitas teks Al-Qur’an. Di era permulaan Islam, para sarjana sudah menggunakan metode kritik teks dalam mengkaji manuskrip al-Qur’an, namun penerapannya sering kali menuai  kritik karena berasal dari studi teks Bibel. Padahal prinsip-prinsip kritik teks ini telah dipakai oleh para sahabat Nabi meski istilah textual criticism (kritik teks) belum muncul. Artikel ini berusaha melacak sejauh mana penerapan kritik teks A’zami yang meneliti 18 manuskrip al-Qur’an tertuang dalam karyanya Ageless Qur’an timeless text: A visual study of Sura 17 across 14 centuries and 19 manuscripts. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan cara menganalisis karya A’zami tersebut. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa A’zami menerapkan beberapa prinsip kritik teks, seperti pencarian kesalahan teks, analisa perbandingan manuskrip, dan perbedaan tulisan al-Qur’an dari masa ke masa. Namun, A‘zami tidak mengajukan perbaikan teks atau menerbitkan edisi kritis al-Qur’an sebagaimana efek penerapan kritik teks pada Bibel. Keunikan kajian A’zami terletak pada visualisasi proses kritik teks. Artikel ini juga menyimpulkan bahwa penelitian mengenai manuskrip-manuskrip al-Qur’an menggunakan prinsip-prinsip kritik teks dapat membuktikan keaslian al-Qur’an.

This paper investigates the impact of Islam’s relationship with science on the Qur’ānic interpretations given by Indonesian scholars. The discussion goes further to conclude their epistemology and approaches. It continues by examining the government’s role in providing a scientific Qur’ānic exegesis and several Indonesian institutions that deal with Islam and science integration in interpreting the Qur’ān. This study employs a qualitative research methodology by investigating all possible references and inducing the compiled data into sections based on predetermined research objectives. This article demonstrates that scientific Qur’ānic exegesis has grown in Indonesia since the 1960s and has been produced by Indonesian scholars in many works using various methodologies. Most of those works involved the integration of religion (Islam) and science. However, some of their epistemology tends to Islamisation, Qur’ānic justification or dealing with the concept of Islamisation of knowledge. The government uses scientific Qur’ānic exegesis to develop science and technology and propagate policies related to many sectors. .

In his study of Qur’anic structure, Michel Cuypers applied Semitic Rhetoric that has been used to analyze Biblical structure. Despite having received positive responses from Gabriel Said Reynolds and others, Cuypers’ method was criticized by Nicolai Sinai for ignoring rhyme in the Qur’an and overdoing in maintaining the existence of the ring structure in the Qur’an. This paper, then, attempts to examine this analytic method from the perspective of the Qur’anic sciences’ (‘ulu>m al-Qur’a>n). This study aims to determine proportionally the characteristics of the method and the effect it produces by using descriptive-analytic and comparative research methods. This paper argues that there are subjectivity and inconsistency in dividing the text and determining the structure of its composition, as in the study of surah al-Qa>ri‘ah by Cuypers, and an ignorance of the information about reasons for the revelations (asba>b al-nuzu>l) and Prophet’s explanation about verses. However, the application of this method can lead to a new interpretation of the Qur’an, namely by using the information in the Qur’an itself, indicators of wording around it (siya>q), and verse correlation (muna>saba>t). On the other hand, this method supports the authenticity and coherence of the Qur’anic text, which has become a debate among the Orientalists.