The fifth and greatest cranial nerve, the trigeminal nerve (V), is in charge of detecting sensory inputs that come from the craniofacial region. The trigeminal ganglia house the cell bodies of the three branches of the nerve: the ophthalmic (V1), maxillary (V2), and mandibular (V3). These branches connect to second-order neurons in the trigeminal brainstem sensory nuclear complex. Trigeminal neuralgia is one of the most prevalent types of facial and cranial discomfort. Trigeminal neuralgia is characterized by abrupt, fleeting, and painful facial pain episodes in one or more of the V branches. As a result, the quality of life for those who suffer from the condition is drastically reduced.

Health care modalities that are more predictable and effective are the result of advances in early diagnosis and precise treatment options. Aptamers are three-dimensional structures made of nucleic acids that selectively bind to a target site. In the creation of aptamer-based drug delivery systems, the physicochemical properties of aptamers, their conjugation with nanoparticles (NPs) in theranostics, and their internalization have been found to be of interest.As a result, our goal was to provide an overview of the structure and production of aptamers, followed by the benefits of aptamer-conjugated nanoparticles and their applications as theranostics in oncology, inflammatory, and viral diseases. After that, a number of reports on aptamer internalization strategies, the efficiency of aptamers in comparison to their analogs, and the implications of aptamers for clinical trials were discussed. Last but not least, we talked about the problems that actively targeted aptamers face right now and what the future holds for their use in medicine. In conclusion, aptamer-based therapeutic platform development in clinical trials may benefit greatly from this review.

Nanotechnology and nanomaterials have gained much attention in recent years due to their remarkable features. Among nanoparticles, photocatalytic material, such as zinc oxide, have shown tremendous applications in each and every field of science. In the present research, investigators have synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) using Scallion’s peel extract. ZnONPs were both spherical and rod-shaped, where the size for spherical particles was 40–100 nm and rod-shaped, particles size was more than 200 nm as confirmed by microscopic techniques. The typical trademark bands of ZnONPs at 400–800 cm−1 were revealed by infrared spectroscopy, which also showed bands of carbonyl and hydroxyl groups. The hydrodynamic size by particle size analyzer (PSA) shows a size near about 200 nm in diameter. Furthermore, the synthesized ZnONPs were used to assess their potential as a micronutrient for the plant and nano adsorbent for the removal of antibiotics (ampicillin) and methylene blue dye from the simulated wastewater. The antibiotic and dye removal were observed under UV light and visible light against contact time. In comparison to control seeds, seeds grown with ZnONPs have shown better germination and seedling. It could be concluded that ZnONPs acted as an important nanosized source of nutrition for agricultural applications. Thus, the effect of ZnONPs has been proven as a nano-based nutrient source for agricultural purposes. The remediation study found that remediation of both ampicillin and methylene blue dye was efficient under UV light under similar experimental parameters from the simulated wastewater by the ZnONPs.