Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn (Nymphaeaceae), a perennial aquatic plant, has been used as a medicinal herb in China and India. It has been recorded in the most famous medicinal book in China for more than 400 years. Different part of plant (leaves, seeds, flower, and rhizome) can be used in traditional system of medicine. In traditional system of medicine, the different parts of plant is reported to possess beneficial effects as in for the treatment of pharyngopathy, pectoralgia, spermatorrhoea, leucoderma, smallpox, dysentery, cough, haematemesis, epistaxis, haemoptysis, haematuria, metrorrhagia, hyperlipidaemia, fever, cholera, hepatopathy and hyperdipsia. Following the traditional claims for the use of N.nucifera as cure of numerous diseases considerable efforts have been made by researchers to verify it’s utility through scientific pharmacological screenings. The pharmacological studies have shown that N.nucifera posseses various notable pharmacological activities like amti-ischemic, antioxidant, anticancer, antiviral, antiobesity, lipolytic, hypocholestemic, antipyretic, hepatoprotective, hypoglycaemic, antidiarrhoeal, antifungal, antibacterial, antiinflammatory and diuretic activities. A wide variety of phytoprinciples have been isolated from the plant. The present review is an effort to consolidate traditional, ethnobotanic, phytochemical and pharmacological information available on N.nucifera.

Tephrosia purpurea (fabaceae) commonly known in sanskrit as ‘sharapunkha’ is highly branched ,herbaceous, suberect, perennial herb.widely grown in india. Whole plant and various parts of the plant are useful as ayurvedic medicines. Medicinal uses of drugs are tonic, laxative, diuretic, bronchitis, bilious febrile attack, boils, pimples, diarrhea, gonorrhea, rheumatism and cures disease of heart, spleen and blood. The pharmacological studies have shown that Tephrosia purpurea posses following biological activity such as antiulcer, antimicrobial, antibacterial, anti viral, anti asthmatic ,hepatoprotective, antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemia, immunomodulatory activity, antioxidant, wound healing property, antiallergic activity. A wide variety of phytochemicals are isolated from the plant Tephrosia purpurea which has concerned with their medicinal uses. The present review high lights the mainly phytochemistry and pharmacological activity of the plant.

Present study was conducted with an aim to prepare extracts Nelumbo nucifera (Lotus) flower (NNFE) using a suitable extraction technique to obtain maximum yield. It was followed by phytochemical screening, pharmacognostic and pharmacological evaluation of the obtained flower extract. The macroscopic study was carried out through sensory organs like size, shape, texture etc. Phytochemical screening included both qualitative as well as quantitative analysis of the obtained extract, which indicated the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, saponins, sterols, alkaloids, phenolic compounds, glycosides, flavonoids and tannins. The obtained results can serve as a valuable source of information for identification of this plant for future investigation and its applications.

The fifth and greatest cranial nerve, the trigeminal nerve (V), is in charge of detecting sensory inputs that come from the craniofacial region. The trigeminal ganglia house the cell bodies of the three branches of the nerve: the ophthalmic (V1), maxillary (V2), and mandibular (V3). These branches connect to second-order neurons in the trigeminal brainstem sensory nuclear complex. Trigeminal neuralgia is one of the most prevalent types of facial and cranial discomfort. Trigeminal neuralgia is characterized by abrupt, fleeting, and painful facial pain episodes in one or more of the V branches. As a result, the quality of life for those who suffer from the condition is drastically reduced.

Health care modalities that are more predictable and effective are the result of advances in early diagnosis and precise treatment options. Aptamers are three-dimensional structures made of nucleic acids that selectively bind to a target site. In the creation of aptamer-based drug delivery systems, the physicochemical properties of aptamers, their conjugation with nanoparticles (NPs) in theranostics, and their internalization have been found to be of interest.As a result, our goal was to provide an overview of the structure and production of aptamers, followed by the benefits of aptamer-conjugated nanoparticles and their applications as theranostics in oncology, inflammatory, and viral diseases. After that, a number of reports on aptamer internalization strategies, the efficiency of aptamers in comparison to their analogs, and the implications of aptamers for clinical trials were discussed. Last but not least, we talked about the problems that actively targeted aptamers face right now and what the future holds for their use in medicine. In conclusion, aptamer-based therapeutic platform development in clinical trials may benefit greatly from this review.