RESUMENEn este trabajo se presentan los resultados de la síntesis en masa y caracterización de copolímeros de poliuretano (PU) formados a partir de 1,6-hexametilen diisocianato (HDI) y N-metil dietanolamina (MDEA) y 1,4-butanodiol (BD) como glicoles de las fases flexibles y rígidas, respectivamente. Se compara las propiedades mecánicas y morfológicas de este tipo de PU con las de un PU convencional formado con un policarbonato de peso molecular intermedio. Los materiales se han caracterizado mediante calorimetría diferencial de barrido, espectroscopia infrarroja de transformada de Fourier y mecánicamente mediante tracción uniaxial. Se ha observado que las unidades de MDEA que, pese a tener la capacidad de asociarse por puentes de hidrógeno, presentan características elástoméricas similares a las de glicoles de mayor peso molecular y separación entre unidades donoras-aceptoras de enlaces de hidrógeno. El comportamiento de esta nueva serie de PU con alta densidad de puentes de hidrógeno puede resultar interesante en el desarrollo de materiales resilientes y tenaces tales como las sedas.Palabras clave: Materiales super-tenaces, Mímesis de la seda, Poliuretanos elastoméricos, Arquitectura de bloques, Puentes de hidrógeno. ABSTRACTThis works presents results on the synthesis and characterization of a novel bio-inspired polyurethane (PU) elastomer with high density of hydrogen bonding. The PU were formed by the condensation of 1,6 hexamethylen-diisocyanate with N-methyl diethanolamine (MDEA) and 1,4-butanediol (BD) as components of the elastic and rigid phases, respectively. The mechanical performance and morphology of this PU are compared with those of a common PU elastomer formed with a medium molecular weight polycarbonate. The materials have been tested by means of Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, differential calorimetry and by uniaxial tensile testing. It has been observed that units composed of MDEA segments present elastomeric behavior despite being highly hydrogen bonded with denser packaging between donor and acceptor of hydrogen bridges than in the case of an intermediate molecular weight polyol. The properties exhibited by these new type of PUs with high density of hydrogen bonding can be considered interesting for the development of resilient and tough materials such as silks.
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