Vaccine is one of the major ways of preventing and controlling infectious diseases of humans and animals including birds. The questioner survey was conducted purposively in three selected kebeles, namely Kimmoye, Damotu, and Amaro of Ejere district West Shewa Zone of Oromia Region, Ethiopia from July 2021 to September 2021 in order to assess the knowledge and attitudes of the farmers on the livestock vaccination. A total of 120 respondents were interviewed for this study and face-to-face semi-structured questionnaire survey was employed to collect required data on the livestock vaccination. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square (χ 2 ) were used for the data analyses. In present study, the highest numbers of the farmers (79%) were found to use antibiotics as primary choice to prevent and control livestock diseases. Whereas 21% of the farmers replied on the use of vaccines. Large numbers (45%) of the farmers reared animals both for income and cultural purpose. However, 12% and 43% of the farmers were holding the animals only for culture and income issues, respectively. Additionally, 79% of the farmers in the study area did not take any training on the animal diseases and vaccinations. More than 50% of the farmers did not have good knowledge and positive attitudes toward animal vaccination. Finally, this study revealed, there was lack of awareness among the community about animal diseases and vaccination. Therefore, creating awareness concerning animal diseases and vaccination in the study area is imperative.

Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) continues to be a major public health problem throughout the world, including Ethiopia. The situation is worse in developing countries like Ethiopia, where lower knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of the people is poor about the disease. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice toward bovine tuberculosis in Ejere town of Ethiopia. The study was conducted from December 2022 to May 2022 in Ejere town of Central Ethiopia. A total of 391 study participants were included using simple random sampling technique. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires and analyzed using stata software version 16.4. Three hundred fifty six five (91%) of the respondents said that they heard about bovine tuberculosis and only 35% knew that TB is caused by germ (bacteria). There was statically significance association between those respondents who heard about bovine tuberculosis with their education (X 2 = 20.96, P=0.001). The attitude of communities towards TB disease in the current study area showed good action toward consumption of bovine tuberculosis infected animal (51.4) %. Dry cough (68.8%) was the most commonly stated symptoms of bovine tuberculosis and modern drugs used for the treatment of bovine tuberculosis (73.6%) was the preferred choice of therapy. It was identified that there was a gap in the knowledge and attitude on the cause and transmission of bovine tuberculosis among the study participants. Emphasis needs to be given on increasing the awareness, knowledge, attitude and practice in Ejere town about bovine tuberculosis that is communicable to humans.