No abstract

No abstract

The objective of this study was to design and experimentally examine a sampling method for high-temperature aerosols from biomass combustion, in which nucleation and condensation from fly ash forming vapors is controlled. The sampling method includes a high-temperature probe in which the hot gas is diluted and then cooled. Laboratory results from sampling a model aerosol with known concentrations of SiO 2 particles and KCl vapor showed that when using a high dilution ratio, the KCl vapor was effectively separated from the aerosol by deposition onto the probe walls. When a lower dilution ratio was used, the KCl vapor generated a distinct nucleation mode when cooled in the probe. The sampling method was also used for sampling flue gas from a circulating fluidized bed boiler fired with forest residues. The results suggest that the major fractions of Ca, K, S, and Zn were present as particles at 780• C, whereas most of the Cl and Pb were present as gases. The field results are consistent with results previously reported and indicate that the method can be used for efficient and precise characterization of high-temperature combustion aerosols containing inorganic vapors.

No abstract

Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX)-encapsulated mesoporous silica nanoparticles were synthesized, characterized, and utilized for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer. Silica encapsulation is relatively transparent for activated light and can protect the PpIX against denaturation induced by the extreme bioenvironment. The mesoporous silica can also ensure that the encapsulated PpIX can be well-contacted with oxygen, stimulated, and released. PpIX-encapsulated colloidal mesoporous silica nanoparticles were uptaken by tumor cells in vitro, and the effect of photon-induced toxicity was demonstrated after comparison with some control experiments. The surface of PpIX-encapsulated silica nanoparticles can be grafted with appropriate functionalized groups and conjugated with certain biomolecules for specific targeting.