The viscosity of a ceramic slurry depends on the slurry concentration, particle shape and size, hydrodynamic interactions, temperature, shear rate, pre-treatment condition and the method of measurement with the selected equipment. Representative ceramic slurries with low to high viscosity levels are selected from colloidal silica, barium titanate slurry and glass frit paste. Rotational rheometers and vibrational viscometers are used to compare the measured viscosity for various ceramic slurries. The rotational rheometer measured the viscosity according to the change of the shear rate or the rotational speed. On the other hand, the vibrational viscometer measured one point of the viscosity in a fixed vibrational mode. The rotational rheometer allows the measurement of the viscosity of a ceramic paste with a viscosity higher than 100,000 cP, while the vibrational viscometer provides an easy and quick method to measure the viscosity without deformation of the ceramic slurry due to the measurement method. It is necessary to select suitable equipment with which to measure the viscosity depending on the purpose of the measurement.

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Novel Li-ion battery inks are integral elements to increase mechanical integrity and energy density of 3D printable batteries. Conventional battery inks have been limited to the Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) and N-methyl-2 pyrrolidon (NMP) solvent that are unpleasant of long drying process and environmentally hazard solvent. As a novel Li-ion battery ink for highly energy densified 3D printable batteries, we have developed acrylate-based curable inks which demonstrate fast process, highly cross-linked polymerization and more ecofriend suspension. Here, we report a novel development of curable LIB ink with fundamental studies of rheology, curing behavior and electrochemical performances. The viscosity and activation energy of curable LIB inks are low and shear shinning behavior and 118.9 kJ/mol, respectively, which are appropriate for the extrusion 3D printer with nozzle radius of 0.75 mm and the speed of 5 mm/sec. Furthermore, electrochemical performance of capacity, oxidation peak and cycle retention is comparable to conventionally fabricated electrode.

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