In last three decades the discovery of metabolite and biological activities from macroalgae has been increased significantly. Many sophisticated modern research tools are available for making of chemical compound but there are still many natural bioactive compounds in the womb of nature which is a mystery, scientist are still working to find out more biologically active compounds. Bioactive substances from seaweeds currently receive the more attention from the pharmaceutical companies for the drug development as well as the researchers. Seaweeds are taking majority of attention from scientists because of its phenomenon bioactive compounds and its properties like anti-viral, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and anti-lipedimic and may more properties. This current review described mainly substances like metabolite, properties, and types of seaweeds. Emphasis is given to main metabolite and properties of seaweeds.

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India, with around 15 million COVID-19 cases, recently became the second worst-hit nation by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. In this study, we analyzed the mutation and selection landscape of 516 unique and complete genomes of SARS-CoV-2 isolates from India in a 12-month span (from Jan-Dec 2020) to understand how the virus is evolving in this geographical region. We identified 953 genome-wide loci displaying single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and the Principal Component Analysis and mutation plots of the datasets indicate an increase in genetic variance with time. The 42% of the polymorphic sites display substitutions in the third nucleotide position of codons indicating that non-synonymous substitutions are more prevalent. These isolates displayed strong evidence of purifying selection in ORF1ab, spike, nucleocapsid, and membrane glycoprotein. We also find some evidence of localized positive selections ORF1ab, spike glycoprotein, and nucleocapsid. The CDSs for ORF3a, ORF8, nucleocapsid phosphoprotein, and spike glycoprotein were found to evolve at rapid rate. This study will be helpful in understanding the dynamics of rapidly evolving SARS-CoV-2.

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A method for efficient in vitro regeneration of Leucaena leucocephala cv. K636 was developed using immature zygotic embryos as the explant. Multiple shoot induction was achieved by culturing the explants on half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with thidiazuron (TDZ) (0.03 to 1.5 lM). The maximum number of shoots per explants was achieved in 0.26 lM TDZ-supplemented media. TDZ concentration significantly influenced the induction of multiple shoots as well as the shootlength. TDZ at 0.35 lM or higher concentrations resulted in abnormal stunted shoots. Full-strength MS media devoid of any plant growth regulator were used for shoot elongation. In vitro root induction was achieved in half-strength MS media supplemented either with 0.54 lM 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) or with 14.76 lM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) in combination with 0.23 lM kinetin (Kn). Media supplemented with 14.76 lM IBA in combination with 0.23 lM Kn induced twofold-threefold more roots than media supplemented with 0.54 lM NAA. However, the average root length was lower in 14.76 lM IBA in combination with 0.23 lM Kn than in 0.54 lM NAA. Regenerated plants were maintained under normal condition after hardening. Plants, which were rooted on media supplemented with 14.76 lM IBA in combination with 0.23 lM Kn showed higher survival rate during hardening than those rooted on 0.54 lM NAA supplemented media.