This meta-analysis examined the relationship between IL-17A (rs2275913) and IL17F (rs763780 T/C) gene polymorphisms and the risk of inflammatory diseases, including periodontitis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and inflammatory bowel disease. PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Elsevier Science Direct were searched, and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to estimate the strength of the association. A total of 25 studies comprising 7,474 cases and 10,628 controls were included. Significant associations were found between inflammatory diseases and IL-17A rs2275913 A versus G allele (OR = 1.197, P = 0.033) and the GA versus GG genotype in the codominant model (OR = 1.406, P = 0.036). Our findings suggested that individuals who carry the rs2275913 A allele or GA genotype have a 20% or 41%-increased risk of inflammatory diseases compared with subjects with the G allele or GG genotype, respectively. With respect to IL-17F rs763780, the C versus T allele (OR = 1.94; P = 0.040), the TC versus TT (OR = 1.39; P = 0.041), the CC versus TT (OR = 2.71; P = 0.003), as well as the TC + CC versus TT genotype (OR = 1.83; P = 0.032) were risk factors for RA. In summary, our pooled analysis indicated that the IL-17A (rs2275913) and IL17F (rs763780 T/C) increased the RA risk.

Under some conditions, copper and copper alloys are either immune from corrosion or undergo slow uniform corrosion, generally considered a favourable situation, because predicting the damage incurred by the metal during a period of uniform corrosion is relatively straightforward. However, under conditions leading to surface passivation of Cu, localized corrosion might occur in the presence of aggressive oxidants. Therefore, the susceptibility of Cu to localized corrosion must be considered carefully to avoid unpredictable failures in Cu-based structures. Understanding the pitting probability of Cu is important for various applications, including the use of Cu-coated containers for the permanent disposal of used nuclear fuel. In this study, the pitting probability of Cu in chloride-containing solutions crudely representing the groundwater that might be found in a deep geologic repository (DGR) was investigated using electrochemical techniques and statistical analysis. The probabilities of both pitting and repassivation of Cu were found to increase with increasing [Cl-]. The surface morphologies of copper electrodes in the same solution were also evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The passive film on the surface of the copper electrode with the highest breakdown potential (Eb) was found to be more protective than that on the electrode with the lowest Eb

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This meta-analysis concluded that the CTLA-4 G allele and the AG genotype were associated with an increased risk for PBC and AIH-1, respectively, suggesting the CTLA-4 +49 A/G polymorphism as a candidate of susceptibility locus to PBC and AIH-1.

We suggest more studies to confirm these results in other populations.