Industri gula merupakan industri yang memasok energinya sendiri (self sufficiency energy), dimana energi dibangkitkan dari pembakaran biomassa yang berasal dari ampas tebu menghasilkan energi lisrik dan uap. Sistem ini disebut sebagai sistem kogenerasi, artinya pembangkitan dua macam bentuk energi yang berbeda secara bersama-sama dari satu sumber energi utama. Dengan perancangan sistem pembangkit yang tepat, pabrik gula memiliki potensi untuk mengasilkan energi listrik yang lebih besar dari kebutuhan internal, sehingga dapat menjadi energi berlebih (excess power) yang dapat dialirkan ke jaringan listrik PLN. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah merancang peralatan dalam sistem pembangkit uap kogenerasi dengan mengacu kepada potensi energi yang terkandung didalam ampas tebu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dengan perhitungan dan perancangan peralatan yang dilakukan, didapatkan potensi energi dari ampas sebesar 381.818.182 kJ/jam yang dapat menghasilkan uap di boiler sebanyak 100.000 kg/jam pada tekanan 45 barg 400oC. Di dalam turbin dan generator dapat dikonversi menjadi energi listrik sebesar 11 MW.

Sugar is one of the important commodities for Indonesia, whose consumption is increasing along with the increasing population. On the other hand, domestic sugar production stagnated and forced an increase in sugar imports. To overcome this, the government is revitalizing sugar factories to increase national sugar production capacity. The Rendeng Sugar Factory, in Kudus, Central Java, Indonesia, is one of the sugar factories whose capacity has been increased from 2800 TCD to 4000 TCD. This capacity increase, of course, has consequences for an increase in energy consumption for the production process. As a self-sufficient energy system with a source of biomass fuel from bagasse, an energy balance analysis is needed to ensure that the production process can run well. After this capacity increase, the sugar factory will produce 51.27 tons of bagasse/hour used as boiler fuel. There are two boilers, each of which produces superheated steam of 40 tons/hour for Boiler-I and boiler 50 tons/hour for Boiler-II. The superheated steam then flows to several turbines as a power plant and prime mover. The residual steam from the turbine is then used as a heat source in the process, with a requirement of 81.8 tons/hour. With this analysis, energy self-sufficiency with bagasse as fuel can still be fulfilled, and there are even energy reserves.

Palm Oil Mill is an industry that uses biomass as an energy generator to run the process. The biomass used is fiber, shells, and empty fruit bunches. Energy efficiency is needed in the process; therefore, it requires energy balance in the power generation system, distribution, and use of energy produced by biomass. PKS Rimbo Duo has a processing capacity of 30 tonnes/hour. Broadly speaking, the energy system at PKS Rimbo Dua includes steam energy production equipment such as boilers and steam and electricity energy conversion equipment in the form of steam turbines and generators (alternators) as well as storage equipment for the expansion of steam energy in the form of opposing pressure storage vessels (BPV). Energy balance analysis is carried out by analyzing data methods obtained from the performance of operating equipment and conducting field surveys and measurements of predetermined parameters, especially in boilers, water treatment, and turbines. Analysis of fuel use is also carried out to determine the quality of the fuel and the potential for steam produced. The result of this research is that the average efficiency of the boiler is 63.23%, which is still below the 73% boiler design. One of the reasons is that the flue gas temperature reaches 260 oC. The steam turbine has an efficiency of 44% isentropically with SSC = 31.9 kg / kWh when compared to the standard norm, the SSC value is still too high. The results of the water analysis also found the P and M alkalinity values, and the water pH was still 9.8. The results of the analysis of these data can be used as a reference for actions whether it is a repair of equipment, replacement of equipment, and improvement of operational parameters.

The Indonesian is one of the countries consuming fossil energy as a petroleum fuels which are quite high with the average needs increasing by 7% per year. The Indonesian Government has a commitment to address the issue of based energy crisis through one of the ways to find alternative energy sources that have the potential to generate energy that significantly to support the government program. The use of biogas is a part of renewable energy which is one of the references for government programs in order to increase energy access for the community through the utilization of New and Renewable Energy especially bioenergy. Biogas is a gas produced by anaerobic activities from organic materials including waste from human, animals, domestic and biodegradable waste or any organic waste that is biodegradable under anaerobic conditions. Biogas is a very interesting gas fuel to be developed because it can be updated and can be made by yourself with uncomplicated simple technology. The purpose of this study was to analyze the main parameters in the low pressure biogas quality requirements. This study uses descriptive qualitative analysis using the soft ware Framework for Analysis, Comparison, and Testing of Standards. The stages of this study include determining the basic principles, formulation and proof of standard concepts, stakeholder analysis, technical analysis and comparison of standards. The research locus includes producers, consumers, technical committees and conformity assessment agencies of biogas. Primary data collection and surveys include 10 provincial cities in Indonesia. This research recommends several parameters that can be used as a basis in developing national and international standards include low pressure factors; gas content including methane; hydrogen sulfide; carbon dioxide and oxygen.