Bayi yang mengalami gangguan pada masa prenatal, natal dan paska natal mempunyai risiko tinggi untuk mendapatkan hambatan tumbuh kembang secara optimal dibandingkan bayi lainnya. IL-6 dan TNF-α merupakan salah satu sitokin yang diproduksi saat terjadi sepsis dan mempunyai peranan pada perkembangan otak sebagai sinyal proinflamasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh sepsis terhadap luaran neurodevelopmental, melalui peningkatan kadar IL-6 dan TNF α. Dua puluh neonatus yang memenuhi kriteria sepsis pada ruang perinatologi RSSA dimasukkan dalam subjek penelitian, diukur kadar IL-6 dan TNF-α saat sepsis neonatal dengan menggunakan metode ELISA, dan dinilai perkembangannya pada usia 9 bulan dengan menggunakan Bayley 3. Analisis data diolah dengan menggunakan PLS untuk menentukan pengaruh sepsis neonatal terhadap luaran neurodevelopmental. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan IL-6 dan TNF-α pada sepsi dan penurunan luaran neurodevelopmental usia 9 bulan terutama pada aspek kognitif diikuti motorik, dan bahasa, namun tidak didapatkan pengaruh bermakna pada peningkatan TNF-α dengan luaran neurodevelopmental. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa sepsis neonatal dapat berpengaruh pada luaran neurodevelopmental usia 9 bulan melalui peningkatan IL-6 dan bukan TNF-α.

Refractory and mortality associated with status epilepticus (SE) were correlated with the degree of inflammation-induced neuronal cell death. This study was aimed to investigate the correlation of oxidative stress (Malondialdehyde, MDA) and inflammation (C-reactive protein, CRP) process with neurodevelopmental outcome in children after the episode of convulsive type SE. This study was designed as cross sectional which included 26 convulsive type SE subjects and 15 control subjects. MDA level was measured by thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method, while CRP level was measured by ELISA method. Neurodevelopmental outcome was measured by Bayley-III Scale of Infant and Toddler Development 3 month after the convulsive type SE episode. Results showed that both MDA (independent t-test, p < 0.05) and CRP (Mann-Whitney test, p < 0.05) level was significantly higher in convulsive type SE group as compared to control group. Further analysis also showed that MDA (Spearman correlation test, p = 0.000, r = 0.756) and CRP (Spearman correlation test, p = 0.000, r = 0.835) level was positively correlated with convulsive type SE. In convulsive type SE group, MDA level was negatively correlated with neurodevelopmental outcome but CRP was not. We concluded that MDA level was negatively correlated with neurodevelopmental outcome in children with convulsive type SE, but CRP was not.

Pornography has big negative impacts on students such as addiction, induce brain damage which control about morale, learning concentration and also motor ability of children. KALIGRAFI has purpose to reduce the negative impact of pornography and develop potential motoric on children. This porgram implemented for 5 months starting from extension program to Karangbesuki 1 Elementary School Malang as the partner until assessment of the program. The methods used are pretest, giving material, integrated practice, and posttest. Materials given are religious and sexual education and also healthy internet usage. Integrated exercise is done through fun games and grouping of children based on talents and interests to increase the potential of children. All of the above is done by the team and some volunteers. Posttest on parents and teachers is done as the evaluation of KALIGRAFI implementation. The results show that there is a decrease in the number of students exposed to the negative effect of pornography from 57.5% to 17.5% of students. Based on the results, KALIGRAFI make some regeneration and modules as sustainability of the program so that the program can be maintained and even can be applied easily by the community from elementary school students, educators and parents.

Introduction: Early marriage is a major problem in the process of child rearing. Improper parenting patterns can hinder the growth and development of children. This study aims to analyze the relationship and factors that influence the parenting style of parents who marry early on the development of children aged 1 to 5 years in the Tulungagung district. Material and Methods: Research using cross-sectional analitic observation, a sample of 203 respondents who were married under 19 years of age in 2017-2021 and had children aged 1-5 years using a questionnaire and Denver II. Statistical analysis calculation using chi-square and path analysis. Results: The chi-square test results showed a significant relationship between the parenting style of parents who early marriage and the development of children aged 1-5 years (p<0.05). Path analysis showed that there is an influence of the parenting style of parents who early marriage on the development of children through education and number of children (p<0.05). while in terms of occupation, income, and family support, there is no influence of the parenting style of parents who early marriage on the development of children (p>0.05). Conclusion: Parents who marry early tend to adopt an authoritarian parenting style, which can lead to poor child development. Authoritarian parenting styles have low levels of democracy and parental affection. High achievement demands on children are not matched by parental love so that it makes children feel depressed.