Domestic wastewater needs to be treated because it can pollute the environment, either water bodies, ground water, or soil. One alternative to treat domestic wastewater is using subsurface constructed wetland methods. This method has advantages, among others, cheap, simple technology and can be applied to the area of ample land. In this research, subsurface contructed wetlands-multilayer filtration with vertical flow type using Melati Air (Echindorus paleafolius) in field scale to treat domestic wastewater from canteens and gray water toilet of Senior High School at Bekasi with treatment capacity for 2261 L/day. Subsurface constructed wetlands-multilayer filtration with vertical flow type is an advanced treatment in this research. For preliminary treatment the collecting and aeration tank is used. Performance of subsurface constructed wetland-multilayer filtration with vertical flow type was able to achieve effluent COD parameters of 40 mg / L (standard 100 mg/L) from an average influent of 350 mg/L with removal efficiency of 90%, while BOD was successfully degraded to 33.00 mg/L (quality standard 30 mg/L) of an average influent concentration of 350 mg/L. In addition, the parameters analyzed are total nitrogen, the total phosphate succeeded to meet the quality standard. Based on the results of laboratory analysis, the reactor is able to treat organic loading of 500-700 kg BOD5/Ha/Day compared to previous research which is range from 40-300 kg BOD/Ha/ Day. Similarly, the value of K in this study ranged from 0.35-0.57 m/day for BOD and 0.37-0.45 m/day for COD compared to precious research which is 0.055-0.16 m / day for BOD and 0.027-0.16 m / day for COD.

Tofu which is made by grinding soy bean, generates huge amount of wastewater and thus considered as one of the most polluted food-industrial effluent owing to its high values of organic contents. The small industries of tofu preparation process release the wastewater directly into the water body without being treated first. Prior to discharge this wastewater into the waterbody, the wastewater must be treated to reduce the possibility of negative impact and the contamination of the waterbody. For these small industries, the best alternative of wastewater treatment is one which has the following criteria: easy in operation, low cost operation, low volumes of sludge produced, and can be used in high concentration wastewater. In this research, bioreactor anaerobic-aerobic with media bioball is used. The highest removal efficiency of COD took place in anaerobic zones. Bioreactors were operated with the variations of retention time at 24 hours, 18 hours, and 12 hours. The COD removal efficiency for Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) of 24 hours, 18 hours and 12 hours were found 90.3% (organic loading rate is 15.1 kg COD/m3.day), 84.4% and 76.3% respectively. The experiment showed that the longer of the hydraulic retention time (HRT), the higher the removal efficiency could be achieved. These occurred because a longer HRT will extend the contact time between wastewater and microorganisms attached. Therefore, microorganisms have a longer time to degrade organic matter in wastewater. Although the removal efficiency in these three-HRT was found high, the effluent of the reactor was still above the effluent standard based on regulation of Ministry of Environmental Permen LH No. 5/2014. Kinetics using Eckenfelder Equation results R2 equal to 0.9991, n equal to 0.293 and K equivalent to 7.3577 mg/L. Keywords: tofu wastewater, anaerobe, aerobe, bioball, wastewater, treatment, attached growth

Wastewater from the canteen is a domestic wastewater that has high concentrations of organic matter that needs to <br />be processed before being released and not contaminating the water stream. The wastewater treatment  at canteen <br />SMA Negeri 34 Jakarta begins with collecting basin and aeration basin, and then it is pumped into two reactor that <br />is the subsurface constructed wetland multilayers filtration type flow vertical with Vetiver Grass unit (SCW-MLF) <br />and multilayers filtration type flow vertical unit without plants (MLF)  as a control. The purpose of this study was <br />to test the effectiveness of the vetiver grass in wastewater treatment with subsurface constructed wetland unit <br />multilayers filtration type vertical flow with vetiver grass to fulfill effluent standards before it is released into stream <br />water. Metodology of the study was conducted from acclimatization of plants, removal the plant to the SCW-MLF <br />unit, and analyze the quality of wastewater. Flowrate that goes into the processing unit is 6.9615 m3/day. The <br />detention time in SCW-MLF unit was 17.7 hours. The results showed that at steady state COD organic loading on <br />SCW-MLF unit is 917.08 to 4126.84 kg COD/ha/day for the removal efficiency around 69.2 to 80.0%, BOD organic <br />loading is 309.78 to 850,73 kg BOD/ha/day for the removal efficiency 61.2 to 70.8%. K value SCW-MLF unit <br />around 0.55 to 0.71 m/day for BOD, 0.57 to 0.89 m /day for COD. The concentration of the wastewater effluent <br />from WWTP are complied to effluent standart regulation (Pergub DKI Jakarta No. 112 Tahun 2005). <br /><br id="tinymce" class="mceContentBody " />

<p>Sungai Ciliwung merupakan salah satu sungai di Indonesia yang memiliki fungsi sangat penting bagi masyarakat di sekitarnya, yaitu sebagai sumber air baku air minum, irigasi pertanian, transportasi, air industri dan lain-lain. Sungai Ciliwung yang berhulu di Gunung Pangrango dan bermuara di Teluk Jakarta, mengalir sepanjang 117 Km melintasi dua propinsi, yaitu Propinsi Jawa Barat dan Propinsi DKI Jakarta. DAS Ciliwung ini terbagi atas 5 segmen menurut Kementrian Lingkungan Hidup tahun 2006. DAS Ciliwung segmen 4 (empat) yang terdapat di bagian tengah Sungai Ciliwung yang melintasi Kab. Bogor yaitu Kecamatan Cibinong, Bojonggede dan Kota Depok yang melintasi Kecamatan Beji, Limo, Cimanggis, Sukma Jaya, Pancoran Mas serta DKI Jakarta melintasi Kota Jakarta Selatan, Kota Jakarta Timur. Daerah-daerah tersebut merupakan daerah padat penduduk dan industri, yang ditengarai membuang air buangannya ke dalam Sungai Ciliwung. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan identifikasi sumber dan jenis pencemar, membuat pemetaan tingkat kekumuhan DAS yang berkaitan dengan pengaruhnya terhadap kualitas sungai, menganalisis kualitas air sungai akibat dari kegiatan penduduk di DAS Ciliwung segmen empat dan menentukan upaya penanganannya. Data monografi dari kelurahan setempat diolah dan dibuat pemetaan berdasarkan tingkat kekumuhan. Penilaian tingkat kekumuhan dilakukan terhadap angka kesakitan diare, pelayanan sanitasi lingkungan dan pelayanan air bersih. Dari penilaian tingkat kekumuhan dibuat pemetaan untuk mengidentifikasi sumber pencemar di sepanjang sungai Ciliwung segmen empat. Identifikasi pencemaran dilakukan dengan cara menghitung konsentrasi BOD campuran menggunakan rumus kesetimbangan massa dengan asumsi bahwa hulu Sungai Ciliwung segmen empat adalah hilir dari Sungai Ciliwung segmen tiga, yaitu 25,7mg/liter. Hasil identifikasi menyimpulkan bahwa kualitas air Sungai Ciliwung di segmen empat sudah buruk dari hulunya yaitu Sungai Ciliwung segmen tiga. Hal ini diperkuat dengan perhitungan beban pencemar hasil simulasi dengan asumsi seluruh penduduk terlayani sanitasi, namun tidak memperlihatkan hasil yang signifikan dalam perbaikkan kualitas air sungai. Terjadinya pencemaran air sungai Ciliwung segmen empat ini diakibatkan oleh perilaku masyarakat di sekitar DAS yang kurang akan kesadaran pemeliharaan lingkungan. Ada beberapa upaya yang dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas lingkungan di DAS Ciliwung segmen 4 ini, diantaranya adalah meningkatkan pelayanan air bersih dan meningkatkan pelayanan sanitasi lingkungan. Dengan adanya unit jamban diharapkan terjadi peningkatan kualitas sanitasi dan kesehatan lingkungan di tiap kelurahan, terutama kelurahan-kelurahan yang memiliki sanisitas buruk seperti Kelurahan Tirta Jaya yang paling membutuhkan pengadaan jamban umum yaitu mencapai 1.638 unit. Saran yang dapat diberikan adalah perbaikan dan peningkatan sarana sanitasi dan pelayanan air bersih dan penegakkan hukum untuk pembuangan limbah ke dalam sungai sesuai dengan peraturan yang ada.<br />Keyword : BOD, Pollution Loading, Pollution Source, Ciliwung River Fourth Segment, Slums Level</p>

Wastewater from Chemistry Laboratory contains heavy metals which need treatment before being discharged into the environment. This study investigates the treatment of chemistry laboratory wastewater using activated carbon. The activated carbon was made from lignite coal with ZnCl2 activation and carbonization was carried out at a temperature of 500°C for 2 hours. The highest iodine number is 1529.20 mg/g on activated carbon with a grain size of 80 mesh of coal and a composition of 40% ZnCl2-60% coal. Adsorption of Fe, Cr and Pb metals using activated carbon was carried out at 2 variations of initial concentrations. At an initial concentration of 75.8 ppm Fe, metal adsorption is 84%, while at an initial concentration of 37.9 ppm it is 87%. The adsorption of Cr metal is 44% at an initial concentration of 1.37 ppm, and it is 79% at an initial concentration of 0.69 ppm. The adsorption of Pb metal is 91% at an initial concentration of 11.2 ppm, and it is 91% at an initial concentration of 5.6 ppm. The results showed that activated carbon from lignite coal could adsorb Fe, Cr and Pb metals, and the initial concentration influenced the effectiveness of metal adsorption.