Radioactivity levels in lichens collected from Akçaabat and Çamlihemşin in the Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey were investigated. Radioactive pollution was detected in all samples and varied with species, area and location. The highest concentrations of Cs-137 were found in Parmelia perlata, Parmelia caperata, Parmelia conspersa, Xanthoria parietina, Diploschistes ocellatus, Cladonia portentosa and Dermatocarpon miniatum and the lowest activity in Peltigera praetextata, Cladonia furcata, Cladonia rangiformis and Lobaria pulmonaria. A great variation was not observed among the individuals of Peltigera praetextata and Parmelia caperata collected from Akçaabat and Çamlihem, in.

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Radiocesium levels in mosses collected from Akçaabat, Maçka and Sürmene in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey were determined 9 years after the Chernobyl accident occurred. Cs-134 and Cs-137 radionuclides were detected in all samples. The measured levels of Cs-134 and Cs-137 ranged between 28-207 and 117-8431 Bq/kg depending on moss genera and species dry weight respectively. The highest concentrations of Cs-137 were found in Anomodon viticulosus, Racomitrium lanuginosum and Leucobryum glaucum while the lowest activity was detected in Calliergon cuspidatum, Dicranum majus and Pseudoscleropodium purum.

In this study, the effects of Cobalt (II) chloride (CoCI2) on Capoeta capoeta capoeta (Guldenstaedt 1772) were investigated by electrophoretic and histopathological methods. The fish from Kars Creek were placed in 500 liters tanks and they made to adapt into the medium for 15 days. Later, they were divided into 3 groups. The fish in the 1 st group were held in normal water, 2 nd and 3 rd groups were held in the water containing 1 mg/L and 2 mg/L CoCl2, respectively for 10 days. At the end of this period, blood and tissue samples were taken from the fish for electrophoresis and histopathological examinations. Serum samples obtained were run in Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Tissue samples were fixed in %10 formaldehyde solution. Paraffin blocks were prepared by routine histological methods and slices 4-5 μ thickness were performed. The slices obtained were dyed with hematoxylen and eosin dying method and examined under light microscope. Thinnings in various protein types were observed in experimental groups in comparison to the control group in the electrophoregram. These thinnings were more in the group that 1 mg/L CoCl2 applied. In addition, formation of a 32.4 kD new protein band was observed in the group that 1 mg/L was applied; and 33.3 kD, 30.6 kD, and 28.2 kD new protein bands were observed in the group that 2 mg/L CoCl2 applied. In histopathological evaluations, an increase in the level of degeneration was observed in the livers and intestines tissues of the experimental fish groups in parallel to the increase of the dose. Due to the changes both in the serum protein expressions and in the tissues, we conclude that Cobalt can be dangerous at higher concentrations.