ABSTRAKSeiring dengan berkembangnya industri tuna, limbah pengolahan yang dihasilkan semakin meningkat. Namun demikian pemanfaatan limbah tersebut belum optimal. Biokonversi bahan organik limbah tuna menjadi biomassa larva sebagai bahan pakan diharapkan mampu mengatasi permasalahan tersebut. Biokonversi menggunakan larva Hermetia illucens atau Black Soldier Fly (BSF) memiliki keunggulan dibandingkan proses konversi lain; di antaranya larva BSF mampu mengkonversi berbagai macam bahan organik, memiliki kandungan nutrisi tinggi serta bukan vektor penyakit. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah mempelajari laju umpan larva BSF dalam mengkonversi limbah tuna menjadi biomassa larva. Limbah tuna yang digunakan sebagai umpan larva BSF adalah kepala dan jeroan. Larva dipelihara selama 19 hari dengan pemberian umpan bervariasi (60, 80, 100 mg/larva/hari). Analisa dilakukan terhadap konsumsi umpan, indeks pengurangan limbah (waste reduction index/W RI), efisiensi konversi umpan tercerna (efficiency of conversion of digested-feed/ECD), tingkat kelulusan hidup (survival rates /SR), bobot larva, kandungan protein dan lemak larva. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kepala dan jeroan tuna dapat digunakan sebagai pakan BSF, dengan nilai SR 41,33 -98,33%. Laju umpan yang menghasilkan proses biokonversi paling optimum adalah umpan berupa kepala tuna sebesar 60 mg/larva/hari (K60). Nilai parameter pada perlakuan K60 adalah konsumsi umpan 77,09 %, WRI 4,06 % per hari, ECD 8,32 %, bobot larva 72,59 mg dan SR 98,33 %. Limbah berupa kepala tuna menghasilkan konsumsi umpan, WRI, ECD, bobot larva dan SR yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan limbah jeroan tuna. Penggunaan limbah kepala tuna dapat dimanfaatkan untuk mereduksi limbah sekaligus menghasilkan bahan pakan yang potensial. Kandungan larva BSF dengan umpan kepala tuna 60 mg/larva/hari meliputi protein 25,38 %, lemak 6,85 % dan air 62,81 %. KATA KUNCI : Hermetia illucens, limbah pengolahan tuna, biokonversi, laju umpan ABSTRACT Along with the rising of tuna industries, the processing waste is increasing. However, the utilization of this waste has not optimal yet. Bioconversion of organic matters from waste into larvae biomass as feed is expected to overcome the problems. Bioconversion using Hermetia illucens or Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae has many advantages over other conversion processes; such as the ability of BSF larvae to convert various organic materials, high nutritional content and not a diseasevector. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal feed rate of BSF larvae in converting tuna waste to larvae biomass. Tuna wastes used as feed of BSF larvae were head and viscera. The larvae were cultivated for 19 days with varied feeding rates (60, 80, 100 mg/larva/day

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Pengeringan menggunakan energi gelombang mikro menjadi alternatif agar pengeringan berjalan lebih cepat tanpa terpengaruh kondisi cuaca. Namun performa dan efisiensi energi dalam mengeringkan rumput laut belum diketahui. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui performansi pengeringan rumput laut menggunakan energi gelombang mikro (microwave) dan analisa konsumsi energinya. Metode yang digunakan ialah mengeringkan rumput laut segar dalam oven gelombang mikro secara batch. Dalam proses pengeringan dilakukan variasi level daya (400, 500, 600 watt) ke dalam oven gelombang mikro dan variasi ketebalan rumput laut (3, 5, 7 cm). Parameter yang diamati meliputi rasio kadar air (moisture ratio/MR), laju pengeringan (g/menit), difusi efektif air/Deff (mm2/detik), specific energy consumption/SEC (J/g H2O) dan efisiensi energi (%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, level daya magnetron 600 watt menghasilkan MR terendah (0,19), laju pengeringan tertinggi (13,15 g/menit) dan Deff tertinggi (2,28 x 10-2 mm2/detik). Rumput laut ketebalan 3 cm memperoleh MR terendah (0,05), laju pengeringan tertinggi (6,42 g/menit) dan Deff tertinggi (9,42 x 10-2 mm2/detik). SEC pengeringan sebesar 4,38-4,51 J/g H2O dan efisiensi energi 22,56-23,42% untuk level daya 400-600 watt. Perbedaaan level daya tidak memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap SEC dan efisiensi. Sedangkan variasi ketebalan rumput laut antara 3 cm dan 7 cm memberi hasil yang berbeda. SEC terendah diperoleh pada perlakuan rumput laut tebal 3 cm yaitu 2,96 J/g H2O sementara efisiensi tertinggi pada rumput laut dengan tebal 5 cm yaitu 22,93%.Oleh karena itu pengeringan rumput laut menggunakan energi gelombang mikro dengan level daya 600 watt dan ketebalan 3 cm menghasilkan performasi dan konsumsi energi yang lebih baik. AbstractMicrowave drying becomes alternative method to get faster process without being influenced by weather. However performance and energy efficiency of microwave drying for seaweed are still unknown. This research aims to find out performance of seaweed drying in microwave oven as well as energy consumption analysis. The method used was drying seaweed in microwave oven. Seaweed drying was conducted at various power level (400, 500, 600 watt) and thickness of seaweed (3, 5, 7 cm). Observed parameters were moisture ratio/MR, drying rates (g/min), effective diffusion/Deff (mm2/s), specific energy consumption/SEC (J/g H2O) and energy efficiency (%). Result of research showed that power level, 600 watt of magnetron produced lowest MR (0,19), highest drying rate and Deff i.e 13.15 g/min and 2.28 x 10-2 mm2/s respectively. Seaweed 3 cm thickness achieved lowest MR (0.05), highest drying rates 6.42 g/min and Deff 9.42 x 10-2 mm2/s. SEC of drying were 4.38-4.51 J/g H2O while energy efficiency were 22.56-23.42 % for 400-600 watt. Differences of power level have not given significant effect to SEC and efficiency values. Whereas differences of seaweed thickness between 3 cm and 7 cm have given significant effect. Seaweed in 3 cm thickness resulted in the lowest SEC i.e 2.96 J/g H2O, however, the highest efficiency energy was 5 cm thickness i.e 22.93%. Therefore drying seaweed utilize microwave energy of 600 watt power level and 3 cm thickness generated better performance and energy consumption.

Irrigation door is a big issue for farmers. The factor that became a hot issue at the irrigation gate was the irresponsible attitude of the irrigation staff regarding the schedule of opening/closing the irrigation door so that it caused the rice fields to becoming dry or submerged. In this research, an automatic prototype system for irrigation system will be designed based on integrating several sensors, including water level sensors, soil moisture sensors, acidity sensors. This sensor output will be displayed on Android-based applications. The integration of communication between devices (Arduino Nano, Arduino Wemos and sensors supporting the irrigation system) is the working principle of this prototype. This device will control via an Android-based application to turn on / off the water pump, to open/close the irrigation door, check soil moisture, soil acidity in real time. The pump will automatically turn on based on the water level. This condition will be active if the water level is below 3cm above ground level. The output value will be displayed on the Android-based application screen and LCD screen. Based on the results of testing and analysis of the prototype that has been done in this research, the irrigation door will open automatically when the soil is dry. This condition occurs if the water level is less than 3 cm. The calibrated Output value, including acidity sensor, soil moisture sensor and water level sensor, will be sent to the server every 5 seconds and forwarded to an Android-based application as an output display.