Rock typing for heterogeneous carbonates is still a standing problem. The present work was directed to investigating the relationship between microscopic geological characteristics of carbonates and architecture of the pore systems in the effort to develop a better method for carbonates rock typing. Eight carbonate reservoirs with complete core analysis data of 1,838 core plugs were used in this work. Six carbonate data sets were utilized in developing the method and the rest two were used for verification. The well known Kozeny's equation was employed to provide the relationship between pore geometry and the structure. It can be shown that these pore attributes contain only permeability and porosity. A comprehensive analysis was then carried out by plotting pore geometry against pore structure on log-log graphs (PGS cross-plot) and identifying microscopic geological features of every core plug employed. Results for each carbonate data set show that the data points divides into six to thirteen clusters, each cluster has its own similarity in the microscopic geological features, the fitting line drawn on each cluster has very high correlation coefficient, the space between two closest fitting lines is all practically the same, and interestingly all the fitting lines tend to converge to a single point. A mathematical analysis done confirms the existence of this point, leading to the construction of a type curve. The rest two carbonate data sets perfectly verify this type curve. This work differs from the previous ones in that the present work honors both geological and engineering aspects equally and reveals that certain diagenetic processes have produced certain pore architecture as exhibited on the PGS plot. This paper overall provides a better understanding about rock type definition, a tool to identify the effects of diagenetic processes on rock properties, and a type curve for easy rock typing.

is far more crowded after the revitalization has been completed. The projects carried out improvements in terms of the area fabrics, building revitalization, and street furniture. These architectural elements have enhanced tourists' visual attraction, especially for getting selfies and taking pictures. The photo uploaded to social media attracts local and international tourists. Some corridors or spots often appear when the public search for keywords about Kota Lama Semarang on social media. This research aims to discover how people perceived Kota Lama Semarang's visual representation in the social media era, particularly on Instagram. Furthermore, this is the early step to go towards the digital placemaking concept. The photo-mapping method was conducted, in which the photos were collected through social media using Kota Lama Semarang hashtag and overlayed into the Kota Lama Semarang map. The result gives visual perspectives from Instagrammers related to the spots and architectural elements representing Kota Lama Semarang. These popular spots should have further attention to Kota Lama tourism's sustainability and its precinct's visual quality while taking authenticity and integrity into consideration.

Currently, there are four mosques on Java Island recognized as Saka Tunggal Mosques, which employ a single wooden column as the main column, placed at the center of the prayer hall to support the roof. This unique structural system, when compared to the traditional four-column system, is remarkable even if its style is exceptional for mosques on Java Island. This study aims to provide scientific data and promote the local government's understanding about the importance of the Saka Tunggal Mosques by focusing on the one in Banyumas, which is placed at a cultural heritage site, founded in 1871. This article was categorized as a part of an effort to revive and restore important architectural heritage sites in Indonesia. The discussion in this article will be composed of three parts. The first part will provide a description of the current condition of Banyumas's Mosque. The second part will illustrate the renovations of the Mosque in chronological order. The third part will describe the three other Saka Tunggal Mosques in order to differentiate the specific characteristics of Banyumas's Mosque from the context of its structural system.

Thousands of wooden architecture can be found almost anywhere in Indonesia, delivering different shapes and carpentry technique in the form of palaces, religious buildings, houses and even simple barns. Uncontested, all of these have already become national treasures without having them be officially promoted as national heritage. One of the most important aspects of conservation work at the early stage is self-awareness, by the owner as well as the government, in keeping a building as heritage and it being part of the national culture. Even after realizing how important and valuable keeping the original building is, not many individual have the budget or access to an expert. Having a look at how the conservation work is applied in Japanmay provide the chance to adopt some approaches to increase the people and government's willingness and support, as well as making it a tradition in the future.

West Sumatra is an important region in Indonesia in the context of traditional architectural heritage, especially mosques. There are 39 historical mosques registered as cultural heritage monuments in West Sumatra, 31 of which were surveyed for this study. Five had been completely renewed without leaving any trace of the original structure, while the location of one could not be identified. All mosques were mapped and a total of 25 were analyzed based on their architectural elements: (1) floor level, (2) main building material, (3) roof type, and (4) minaret. From the analysis, a typological tendency in the historical mosques of West Sumatra was identified. The discussion in this article focuses on the correlation between combinations of the four architectural elements in relation to their location. As a result, the architectural characteristics of the historical mosques in West Sumatra were identified.