This review article summarizes the development of different kinds of materials that evolved interest in all field of science particularly on new nano-materials which possess both electric and magnetic properties at the nanoscale. Materials of such kind possessing both magnetic and electric properties have tremendous applications and own an intensive research activity. These materials induce new properties which are particularly important in electronic and magnetic devices and even in the materials where magnetic property will change by electric field or vice versa. The discovery of such ferroic properties for scientific applications is the need of hour and spreads an exciting new area that has technical and commercial potential for the discovery of advanced materials. In recent studies, the actual path by which the multiferroic properties exist has been focused and new metal oxide compounds were discovered. The understanding of the structure of these compounds through research describes a wide range of applications and the challenges of these multiferroic materials that need to be explored. In this study, fundamental aspects and structural variations of ternary transition metal oxides have been covered which possess novel properties in storage devices such as hard disk platters and magnetic read heads.

Synthesis of nanomaterials with desired shape and size is very important for their potential applications. The properties of the nanoparticles synthesis not only vary with size but also changes with shape and morphology which in turn depends on the synthesis methods. There are many synthesis methods but among them reverse micellar method is one of the interesting chemical method and is very useful technique for the synthesis of nanoparticles with desired shape and size. In this method revere micelles are formed by least three components; two of them are non-miscible and the third one is called surfactant which is characterized by amphiphilic properties.

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Background: The manner in which the things are constructed with atoms and molecules essentially are important to know their properties and their respective interactions and hence it was on high demand to synthesis novel materials. The low temperature synthesis methods such as polymeric citrate precursor and sonochemical methods are efficient enough to control the preparation of novel nanoparticles with morphological differences that leads to the novel devices with desired technological performances. These methods are simple, very less expensive and are easy to handle to operate for the synthesis of nanoparticles as per the expected morphology and dimensions. Methods: Polymeric citrate precursor method, a chelate-based method involves the reaction between mixed cations with citric acid and then these cations are cross-linked with the help of ethylene glycol for the esterification process. Gel composites were heated which burns the organic moieties leaving behind the nanoparticles and burning gels becomes essential for the reduction of nanoparticles. Sonochemical method on the other hand uses ultrasonic irradiation results the acoustic cavitation and high intensity ultrasound has been exploited for the preparation of different series of nanoparticles. Results: Commonly known for polymeric citrate method as Pechini gel pyrolysis method gives the evidence of versatile and elegant method for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Sonochemical method provides an unusual route of nanoparticle fabrication without bulk and that too with low temperature and pressure or less reaction time. These two methods have better control for the desired shape morphology and size and provide many opportunities for the use of these prepared nanoparticles in various aspects of science and technology. Conclusion: Polymeric citrate precursor and sonochemical methods are efficient to reduce to promote desirable reaction conditions and reduce the metal ions for the fabrication of nanoparticles. The prepared nanoparticles by these two low cost elegant methods are uniform with small size distribution, reproducible with good yield as per the demanded applications.