Indonesia has one of the fastest growing, injecting drugs user-driven, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemics in Asia. Coverage of needle and syringe programs (NSPs), opioid substitution therapy (OST), and antiretroviral treatment (ART) is increasing, but is still low, whereas professional training in addiction medicine is not yet established. Urgent development and scaling-up of professional capacity in comprehensive, evidence-based addiction medicine is needed. In this article the results of the first step is presented, being the training needs assessment (TNA) and the process of further developing a national evidence- and competence-based addiction medicine curriculum in Indonesia.

Background:Smoking is an addictive habit of affecting human behavior. Global data has shown that 47.5% of men and 10.3% of women are active smokers. Based on Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional in 2007, the prevalence of women smokers in Indonesia is increased from 1.3% to 5.2%. This study was conducted to describe the smoking behavior among undergraduate female students in Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study, including female students from 9 faculties in Universitas Padjadjaran, using a snowball sampling technique. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed, consisting of questions about when students smoked for the first time, level of addiction, smoking intensity, smoking location, and the affecting mood. Result: Of 99 female students, 40.40% have started smoking in high school, 31.32% in the university, and 25.25% in junior high school. The smoking intensity was moderate (45.45%), but some were high (29.30%). The location preference for smoking was both in private and public places (88.89%), driven by both positive and negative moods (88.89%). Interestingly, the most addiction level was situational (34.34%) or intensive (34.34%). Conclusions: Since most of the female students have started smoking before enrolling in the university, smoking education and cessation in junior high school need to be strengthened.

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Background:Adolescence is an important period in which many individuals are vulnerable to onset and progression of smoking. Peers are strongly associated with adolescent smoking initiation. This study is conducted to determine whether there is a relationship between peer pressure and smoking behavior in male elementary school students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in October 2014. Respondents were male students from grade four and five from state elementary schools (SDN) in Jatinangor district who voluntarily followed the research procedure. The sampling method used in this study was two-stage cluster sampling. A validated questionnaire was provided after getting informed consent from the respondents. The data analysis was performed using chi-square test. Results: As much as 110 male subjects were included in the study. Data showed that 57 students (51.8%) which were more than half of the number of students ever smoked and 53 students never smoked. Out of 110 students, 69 students (62.7 %) experienced peer pressure and 41 students (37.3%) never experienced peer pressure. The result of chi-square test from the study showed that the p-value is 0.000. Conclusions: There is a relationship between peer pressure and smoking behavior in male elementary school students in Jatinangor district. [AMJ.2017;4(1):1-5]