No abstract

No abstract

Aim. Analysis of modern studies on the effectiveness of fungi and antagonist   bacteria   against   Meloidogyne   root‐knot   nematodes   on vegetable crops.Materials and Methods. Studies of Russian and foreign scientists on the use of biological agents and their metabolites to control Meloidogyne spp. when growing vegetables have been carefully analysed.Results.   The   harmfulness   of   gall   nematodes   on   vegetable   crops   is described.  Studies  on  the  most  pathogenic  species  of  Meloidogyne, including those common in Russia, are summarised. Information is given regarding  features  of  the  relationship  between  the  host  plant  and phytoparasites are highlighted. An analysis of the range of chemical and biological nematicides is presented. The problem of the lack of effective environmentally friendly products able to control root‐knot nematodes on vegetables, including  the  prospect of using  biological agents, has  been identified.   The   features   of   ongoing   research   on   the   study   of   the nematicidal activity of biological agents and their metabolites to control various   stages   of   development   of   Meloidogyne   species   have   been collected, analysed, systematised and described. The prospect of studying the mechanisms of action of microorganisms against root‐knot nematodes is substantiated in order to create new effective biological nematicides that allow the growth of high‐quality and healthy vegetable products.Conclusion. Gall nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) remain a current pest of soil‐grown  vegetables.  Scientists  are  actively  working  on  the  study  of nematophagous fungi and antagonist bacteria to create environmentally friendly  biological  nematicides.  With  proper  use,  biological  agents  and their metabolites can help protect plants from phytoparasites at the level of chemical nematicides and have an additional beneficial effect on the growth and development of vegetable crops.

The biological and chemical protection system’s influence on the soil mycological composition, potato plant biometric indicators, yield structural indicators, productivity, as well as the potato tuber quality has been studied. It was determined that after the biological protection system application, the genus Penicillium fungi number decreased by 4 times, the genus Aspergillus – more than 2 times, Trichoderma sp. content – 2.5 times. There was an increase in the stem number in the variant with biological protection by more than 2 times, compared with the control, and by 25%, compared with the chemical protection variant. The plant height in the two variants was 6.4-7.3 % higher than the control values. The potato tuber total number per bush in the biological protection variant increased by 40 %, and the tuber mass increased by 12.4-61.7% in comparison with other variants. The yield increase was 157.3 c/ha (50.4%) and 128.0 c/ha (39%) for the biological and chemical systems, respectively. The nitrate amount was within the normal range in all variants. The vitamin C highest content was noted in the variant with the biological protection application (9.3 mg/100 g of raw substance). The starch amount varied from 20.8% to 21.3% in all variants.

Представлен краткий обзор современного состояния производства органической овощной продукции в РФ. Указано, что за счет перехода на органическое земледелие в России появится возможность освоить значительную часть брошенных с. – х. угодий. Это приведет к увеличению рабочих мест, обеспечит внутренний продовольственный рынок отечественной продукцией высокого качества и сделает Россию конкурентоспособной на мировом рынке органической продукции.A brief overview of the current state of organic vegetable production in Russia is presented. It is indicated that due to the transition to organic farming in Russia will be able to develop a significant part of the abandoned agricultural land. This will lead to an increase in jobs, provide the domestic food market with high-quality domestic products and make Russia competitive in the world market of organic products.