Flying blood-sucking insects widely distributed on the territory of the Russian Federation. Mosquitoes pose a high epidemiological hazard being vectors of many infectious diseases, for example, West Nile fever. Children are one the most vulnerable category of population when attacked by flying blood-sucking insects. Toxicity and hazard of repellent products in different formulations based on 10 % ethyl butylacetylaminopropionate were studied. In connection with the need of the population to protect their children from mosquito bites, it is relevant to evaluate repellent products intended for use on children under one year old. The harmful effects were revealed in the study of the skin-resorptive action of repellent products in doses exceeding the consumption rate by 30 and 50 times, manifested by a change in the state of the nervous system, liver function and a decrease in red blood parameters.

Introduction. Imidourea is widely used as an antibacterial preservative in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. There are literature data on the toxicity and specific effect of the substance, but there are no hygienic standards in the air of the working area necessary to protect the health of workers. The study aims to substantiate the approximate safe level of exposure (ASLE) of imidourea in the air of the working area based on the study of the nature of biological action in various ways of entry into the body. Materials and methods. The researchers chose the methods for studying the functions of organs and systems of experimental animals after a single inhalation of the substance at concentrations of 35.3±5.7 mg/m3 and 6.1±1.7 mg/m3 taking into account the literature data on the biological effect of the compound under study. We studied the antimicrobial effect of the substance on the intestinal microbiota of rats after 24 hours and 144 hours after inhalation exposure. Results. During inhalation of the substance in both concentrations, the researchers observed disturbances in the balance of the intestinal microflora, which were characterized by changes in the number of individual representatives of the normal microbiota, which corresponds to the initial signs of dysbiosis of the 1st degree. 144 hours after exposure, the microflora balance was almost restored. Inhalation exposure to imidourea at a concentration of 35.3 mg /m3 also revealed changes in the functional parameters of the liver (decreased activity of alkaline phosphatase and glucose concentration in blood serum) and kidneys (decreased content and rate of protein excretion in urine). Conclusion. Imidourea in the inhalation route of admission has a general toxic, sensitizing, weak antimicrobial effect. We recommend to use the ASLE of imidourea in the air of the working area of 1.5 mg/m3 (aerosol). Ethics. The Ethics Commission of JSC "VNC BAS" adopted and approved the imidourea research program (Protocol No. 3 of 11.02.2020).

No abstract

Introduction. The study’s relevance is due to the demand for repellent and insecticidal agents in the consumer market and their widespread use as protection against mosquitoes. At the same time, the problem of the impact on the human health of these funds has not been sufficiently studied. In this regard, analyzing the safety of repellents and insecticides for human health is of scientific interest. The aim of the study is to substantiate methodological approaches to assessing the risk to human health associated with the use of insecticides and repellents. Materials and methods. Authors used methods of analysis of scientific literature, toxicological methods for the study of health safety, methods of quantitative chemical analysis, biochemical methods for the study of blood serum, methods of mathematical modeling, health risk assessment methodology. Results. The assessment of the risk of negative responses from organs and systems of the body when exposed to repellents and insecticides has been carried out. Methodological approaches to assessing health risks under various scenarios for repellents and insecticides have been developed and tested. Conclusion. A feature of the proposed methodological approaches is the ability to take into account dose loads for various routes of entry of active substances into the body, the duration of exposure to a repellent or insecticide during regular use, and possible use in regimes exceeding normal use. As a result of the experiment, it was found that with the inhalation of an insecticide with 1% transfluthrin, the level of acceptable risk is observed at a level of exposure of transfluthrin in the air up to 0.0272 mg/m3. Under a percutaneous intake of the 50% DEET repellent, the acceptable risk level was noted at exposure less than 1200 mg/kg/day. In case of percutaneous arrival of the DETA repellent 7.5%, the level of acceptable risk is established under exposure up to 250 mg/kg/day.

Introduction. The use of repellents and insecticides is the most important method of protection against mosquitoes. In the scientific literature, there is practically no information about the risk from mosquito bitesl to human health due to the non-use of these funds. The information on the prevalence, infection of mosquito-carriers of infectious agents was studied; biological risks from non-use of repellents and insecticides. The aim of the study is to develop methodological approaches to assessing the reduction of health risk from mosquito bites due to the use of repellent and insecticidal agents. Materials and methods. The methods of studying relevant scientific literature, analysis of statistical reporting data, the main stages of the methodology for assessing health risks were used. Results. The proposed methodological approaches have been tested in various scenarios for the use of repellents and insecticides in comparison with the averted risks associated with the development of infectious diseases carried by mosquitoes. Conclusion. For the implementation of methodological approaches, scenarios and parameters of the development of the situation with the use of repellents and insecticides or their non-use are proposed. Indicators of individual, population and prevented health risks were calculated, considering the severity of harm to health. The personal health risk of West Nile fever (WNF) and dirofilariasis in non-endemic areas without application repellents and insecticides is assessed as acceptable - 1.2•10-8 and 1.7•10-5, respectively. At the territory with constantly recorded WNV incidence, the application of repellents or insecticides diminished the population risk of contracting fever by ten times. The averted health risk is 0.297 cases per 2.8 million population. When using repellents or insecticides, the population risk of dirofilariasis is significantly reduced. The averted health risk is 8.8 cases per population of 579 103 people.