Purpose Colorectal cancer (CRC) has been reported as the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The 5‐year annual survival is around 50%, mainly due to late diagnosis, striking necessity for early detection. This study aims to identify autoantibody in patients’ sera for early screening of cancer. Experimental Design The study used a high‐density human proteome array with approximately 17,000 recombinant proteins. Screening of sera from healthy individuals, CRC from Indian origin, and CRC from middle‐east Asia origin were performed. Bio‐statistical analysis was performed to identify significant autoantibodies altered. Pathway analysis was performed to explore the underlying mechanism of the disease. Results The comprehensive proteomic analysis revealed dysregulation of 15 panels of proteins including CORO7, KCNAB1, WRAP53, NDUFS6, KRT30, and COLGALT2. Further biological pathway analysis for the top dysregulated autoantigenic proteins revealed perturbation in important biological pathways such as ECM degradation and cytoskeletal remodeling etc. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance The generation of an autoimmune response against cancer‐linked pathways could be linked to the screening of the disease. The process of immune surveillance can be detected at an early stage of cancer. Moreover, AAbs can be easily extracted from blood serum through the least invasive test for disease screening.

Purpose To identify the specific diagnostic biomarkers related to pituitary adenomas (PAs), we performed serological antibody profiles for three types of PAs, namely Acromegaly, Cushing's and Nonfunctional Pituitary Adenomas (NFPAs), using the human proteome (HuProt) microarray. This is the first study describing the serum autoantibody profile of PAs. Experimental Design We performed serological autoantibody profiling of four healthy controls, four Acromegaly, three Cushing's and three NFPAs patient samples to obtain their autoantibody profiles, which were used for studying expression, interaction and altered biological pathways. Further, significant autoantibodies of PAs were compared with data available for glioma, meningioma and AAgAtlas for their specificity. Results Autoantibody profile of PAs led to the identification of differentially expressed significant proteins such as AKNAD1 (AT‐Hook Transcription Factor [AKNA] Domain Containing 1), NINJ1 (Nerve injury‐induced protein 1), L3HYPDH (Trans‐3‐hydroxy‐L‐proline dehydratase), RHOG (Rho‐related GTP‐binding protein) and PTP4A1 (Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Type IVA 1) in Acromegaly. Protein ABR (Active breakpoint cluster region‐related protein), ST6GALNAC6 (ST6 N‐acetylgalactosaminide alpha‐2, 6‐sialyltransferase 6), NOL3 (Nucleolar protein 3), ANXA8 (Annexin A8) and POLR2H (RNA polymerase II, I and III subunit H) showed an antigenic response in Cushing's patient's serum samples. Protein dipeptidyl peptidase 3 (DPP3) and reticulon‐4 (RTN4) exhibited a very high antigenic response in NFPA patients. These proteins hold promise as potential autoantibody biomarkers in PAs.

The amaranthine scale of the COVID-19 pandemic and unpredictable disease severity is of grave concern. Serological diagnostic aids are an excellent choice for clinicians for rapid and easy prognosis of the disease. To this end, we studied the humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection to map immunogenic regions in the SARS-CoV-2 proteome at amino acid resolution using a high-density SARS-CoV-2 proteome peptide microarray. The microarray has 4932 overlapping peptides printed in duplicates spanning the entire SARS-CoV-2 proteome. We found 204 and 676 immunogenic peptides against IgA and IgG, corresponding to 137 and 412 IgA and IgG epitopes, respectively. Of these, 6 and 307 epitopes could discriminate between disease severity. The emergence of variants has added to the complexity of the disease. Using the mutation panel available, we could detect 5 and 10 immunogenic peptides against IgA and IgG with mutations belonging to SAR-CoV-2 variants. The study revealed severity-based epitopes that could be presented as potential prognostic serological markers. Further, the mutant epitope immunogenicity could indicate the putative use of these markers for diagnosing variants responsible for the infection.