Background: This study describes the morphology of sesamoid bones in the human hand. Ultrasound imaging was used to record the presence and measurements of sesamoids in 120 hands of 60 healthy, young adults of Caucasian ethnicity. Materials and methods: The mean number of sesamoid bones was 4.16 in the left hand and 4.03 in the right hand. 21.6% of cases showed asymmetry between the right hand and the left. There was a significant difference in the prevalence of sesamoid bones between right and left hand in males in this study. Females show a higher incidence of sesamoid bones overall, but do not demonstrate a significant difference between the sides. Results: Prevalence findings: Two in the 1 st Metacarpophalangeal joint (MCPJ) in 99.2% of cases, with one case of a single bone. One in the 2 nd MCPJ in 43.3% of cases. One in the 5 th MCPJ in 84.2% of cases. One in the 1 st Interphalangeal joint (IPJ) in 83.4%of cases. Aside from that there was one case of sesamoid in the 3 rd MCPJ and separate case of sesamoid in the 3 rd proximal IPJ. Conclusions: Moreover, this study discusses discrepancies of opinion regarding sesamoid bones in morphological research.

We report the photoelectron spectra of anionic complexes between 1-methylcytosine (mC) and formic acid (FA) in 1 : 1 and 1:2 stoichiometries that have been measured with 2.54 eV photons. Each spectrum consists of a broad peak with maxima at 1.85 and 2.1 eV, respectively, confirming the generation of stable valence anions in the gas phase. The neutral and anionic complexes of mC(FA) and mC(FA) 2 were also studied computationally at the B3LYP, second-order Møller-Plesset, and coupled-cluster levels of theory with the 6-31þþG** and aug-cc-pVDZ basis sets. Based on the calculations, we conclude that the photoelectron spectra of mC(FA) À and mCðFAÞ À 2 are due to anions that originate from a barrier-free proton transfer (BFPT) triggered by excess electron attachment. They can be viewed as neutral radicals of hydrogenated 1-methylcytosine solvated by a deprotonated formic acid.

BACKGROUND The growing popularity of marathon and half-marathon runs has led to an increased number of patients presenting with exertion-induced heat stroke. Mild hepatic involvement is often observed in these patients; however, fulminant liver failure may occur in approximately 5% of all cases. Liver transplantation is a potentially curative approach for exertion-induced liver failure, although there is a lack of consensus regarding the criteria and optimal timing of this intervention. CASE SUMMARY This paper describes 5 patients (4 men and 1 woman) who were referred to the department where this study was performed with the diagnosis of exertion-induced acute liver failure. Three patients underwent liver transplantation, 1 recovered spontaneously, and 1 patient died on day 11 following the exertion. CONCLUSION Exertion-induced heat stroke may present as fulminant liver failure. These patients may recover with conservative treatment, may require liver transplantation, or may die. No definitive criteria are available to determine patient suitability for a conservative vs surgical approach.

Background: The aim of this work was to describe morphology and morphometry of

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