No abstract

Echinococcosis is one of the most dangerous invasive diseases of animals and humans, that causes significant social and economic damage. Due to the localization of cysts, cystic hydatidosis is extremely difficult to treat, and it is not uncommon that surgical intervention is the only possible means. At the same time, cystic echinococcosis is a very common parasitic disease of sheep, goats, cattle, and even horses and is usually registered quite widely in regions traditionally engaged in breeding of these animal species. The work provides information on the spread of cystic echinococcosis in the Russian Federation and the main factors that cause the pathogen to circulate under agricultural conditions. Joint trends in the development of protective drugs, diagnostic test systems and chemotherapeutic drugs for this invasion, as well as technological problems that arise when creating vaccines, are analyzed. Given the current state in addressing the issue of mass vaccination of animals, a list of organizational, economic, medical, preventive and informational measures aimed at providing effective antiparasitic drugs and control methods is provided.

Continuing a series of studies to increase the solubility of the known substance triclabendazole (TСB), the technology of mechanochemical modification was used with a mixture of polymers-polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and arabinogalactan (AG) with the addition of the known emulsifier – sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate (SDN). In this case, solid dispersions (SD) of TCB compositions were obtained: TCB : PVP = 1: 9, TCB : PVP : AG = 1: 4.5: 4.5 and TCB : PVP : AG : SDN = 1: 4.5: 4.5: 0.1, which are easily loose powders that form stable suspensions in water when preparing working solutions for use in animals. A significant improvement in the solubility (almost 30 times) of the obtained SDs with the addition of SDN was established, which allows us to hope for their high antifascioid activity. Drugs can also be used for use by adding to animal feed. Currently, the drug is being tested in laboratory and industrial conditions. According to preliminary data, drugs with the addition of SDN are of interest and additional studies are required for implementation in veterinary practice.

A review of new directions in obtaining and manufacturing of innovative antiparasitic drugs is presented. The immobilization of antiparasitic drugs on or in nanoparticles to increase the efficacy and reduce side effects of drugs by improving the parameters of adsorption, bioavailability, slow release and intracellular permeability has been the most widespread direction in recent decades. Currently, such carriers as liposomes, polymer nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanosuspensions, nanocrystals, etc. are used as drug delivery systems for antiparasitic drugs. Studies conducted in our country have confirmed the efficacy of mechanochemical technology for producing solid dispersions of certain anthelmintic drugs (niclosamide, albendazole, fenbendazole, triclabendazole, praziquantel etc.) with excipients (arabinogalactan, polyvinylpyrrolidone, glycyrrhizic acid, etc.). On the example of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), the possibility and prospects of their further study and use as potential means of targeted delivery of antiparasitic drugs are shown, various manufacturing technologies are indicated, including homogenization methods, the use of supercritical fluids, the method of dry spray, evaporation, ultrasonic treatment, double emulsions, etc.

The article presents the classification of snowplows, the analysis of author´s certificates and patents in the field of removal and destruction of snow-ice formations from the road surfaces and design of the working body of the machine for the destruction of snow-ice formations on the road surface due to the creation of vibration