In Alberta, Canada, the provincial government currently restricts the establishment of hybrid poplars to private land or small research plantings on Crown lands, because of the unknown risks associated with using non-native trees. Industry is interested in utilizing hybrid poplars on a larger scale for fibre production and reclamation. This interest has driven the need to better understand the genetic risks associated with the deployment of these non-native trees within a matrix of natural poplar stands and agricultural plantings. The first step to understanding the potential risks associated with the use of non-native poplars is to assess flowering phenology and seedling development of both native and non-native poplars growing in the same region. Flowering data were collected and graphed for 38 clones of native Populus balsamifera, 20 clones of native P. tremuloides, and 13 non-native poplar clones (seven hybrid poplar clones and six P. davidiana seedlings) in north-central Alberta. Based on the overlapping flowering patterns and the development of normal seedlings, some potential for hybridization between native and non-native poplars exists.Key words: hybridization, hybrid poplars, Populus balsamifera, P. davidiana, P. tremuloides, risk RÉSUMÉEn Alberta, Canada, le gouvernement provincial confine présentement l'utilisation des peupliers hybrides aux terrains privés ou à de petites plantations de recherche sur les terres publiques, à cause des risques inconnus associés à l'utilisation d'espèces non-indigènes. L'industrie est intéressée par l'utilisation de peupliers hybrides sur une plus grande échelle dans une optique de production de fibre et de mise en valeur. Cet intérêt a engendré la nécessité de mieux comprendre les risques génétiques associés au déploiement de ces arbres non-indigènes au coeur d'un ensemble de peuplements naturels de peuplier et de plantations agricoles. La première étape vers cette compréhension des risques potentiels associés à l'utilisation des peupliers non-indigènes est d'évaluer la phénologie de la floraison et du développement des semences tant des peupliers indigènes que non-indigènes en croissance dans la même région. Les données sur la floraison ont été recueillies et mises en graphique pour 38 clones indigènes de Populus balsamifera, 20 clones indigènes de P. tremuloides et 13 clones non-indigènes de peuplier (sept clones de peupliers hybrides et six semis de P. davidiana) du centre-nord de l'Alberta. À cause des calendriers de floraison et de développement des semis habituels qui se chevauchent, il existe certaines possibilités d'hybridation entre les peupliers indigènes et non indigènes. Zsuffa 1975). Similarly, a land race trial (testing species or provenances in an exotic environment) of P. davidiana Dode (section Populus) could potentially spread that species' genes into native P. tremuloides stands.poplar farms in Alberta, and are likely biologically compatible with native P. balsamifera, as their parentage is from sections Aigeiros and Tacamahaca (The close p...
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