A normal electric kettle usually is intended to boil water until boiling point and cannot be controlled. Most of the kettle does not provide the temperature display for user to track the current temperature reading. Thus, this project is inspired from the shortcoming of most kettles that are sold at the market. By using Arduino microcontroller, a device is developed to control water temperature inside electric kettle. To provide automated temperature control, PID controller is chosen since it can provides precise water temperature control with less fluctuation. The device is also equipped with the display of the current water temperature and desired temperature. The device is tested to an electric kettle and the performance of PID controller in controlling water temperature is compared to on-off controller. An analysis is performed based on the amount of fluctuation with respect to desired temperature to verify the efficacy of the designed circuit and controller. It is found that the developed device and PID controller are capable to control the water temperature inside kettle based on the desired temperature set by user with less amount of fluctuation

The management of pest insects is the critical component of agricultural production especially in the fertigation based farm. Although the fertigation farm in Malaysia has advantages in the fertilization and irrigation management system, it still lacking with the pest management system. Since almost the insect and pests are living under the crop's leaves, it is difficult and hard labor work to spray under the leaves of the crop. Almost agricultural plants are damaged, weakened, or killed by insect pests especially. These results in reduced yields, lowered quality, and damaged plants or plant products that cannot be sold. Even after harvest, insects continue their damage in stored or processed products. Therefore, the aim of this study is to design and develop an autonomous pesticide sprayer for the chili fertigation system. Then, this study intends to implement a flexible sprayer arm to spray the pesticide under the crop's leaves, respectively. This study involves the development of unmanned pesticide sprayer that can be mobilized autonomously. It is because the pesticide is a hazardous component that can be affected human health in the future if it exposed during manual spraying method especially in a closed area such as in the greenhouse. The flexible sprayer boom also can be flexibly controlled in the greenhouse and outdoor environment such as open space farms. It is expected to have a successful pesticide management system in the fertigation based farm by using the autonomous pesticide sprayer robot. Besides, the proposed autonomous pesticide sprayer also can be used for various types of crops such as rockmelon, tomato, papaya. pineapples, vegetables and etc.

No abstract

The vehicle security system is a critical part of an entire car system in order to prevent unauthorized access into the car. As the statistic has shown that the number of cases of the private car being stolen is increasing and the recovery rate is decreasing sharply, it shows that the car security system failed to perform to prevent unauthorized access. Most of the vehicle security system simply consists of a few door-open detection switches, siren, and remote control to protect the car, which appears to be weak against experienced car theft. Therefore, the project is carried out to develop a vehicle security system that can measure the dynamic acceleration inside the vehicle using the ADXL345 accelerometer and locate the coordinate of the vehicle by using U-Blox Neo-6M GPS receiver. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed vehicle security system, the experiment to determine the most suitable position among the four places inside a car to place the device was conducted. Then, the performance analysis of the GPS receiver for accurate tracking also was done. The results showed that the most suitable position to place the device is inside the center of the car dashboard and the GPS receiver has a mean cold start-up time of 5 minutes 47 seconds and hot start-up time of 11.72 seconds, with a standard deviation of 0.000003706° in latitude and 0.000002762° in longitude for position tracking.

This paper presents the optimization process of Central Pattern Generator (CPG) controller for one legged hopping robot by using Genetic Algorithm (GA). To control the one legged hopping robot, a CPG controller is designed and integrated with a conventional Proportional-Integral (PI) controller. Conventionally, the CPG parameters are tuned manually. But by using this method, the parameters produced are not exactly the optimum parameters for the CPG. Therefore, a computational stochastic optimization method; GA is designed to optimize the CPG controller parameters. The GA is designed based on minimizing the error produced towards achieving the reference height. The re-sponse of the one legged hopping robot is compared and the results of the error towards reference height are analyzed.