The epidemiological changes analysed through different approaches constitute elements of analysis that all models discussed in this essay include to delimit the contributions and variables so determining them.
La iniciativa con Proyecto de Decreto por el que se reforma la Ley General de Salud de México presentada en 2019 ante el Congreso de la Unión propone la creación de un sistema de acceso universal y gratuito a los servicios de salud y a medicamentos asociados para la población sin seguridad social y la creación del Instituto de Salud para el Bienestar. Este artículo analiza algunos aspectos sustantivos del Proyecto de Decreto con el objetivo de motivar la reflexión sobre la reforma propuesta y sus componentes más importantes para contribuir a su propósito. Se concluye que los principales temas del proyecto requieren precisión en rubros relevantes, como la transformación del esquema de financiamiento para la atención, el fortalecimiento de la rectoría y gobernanza, la responsabilidad en la provisión de servicios y la regulación y acceso a medicamentos. Las aportaciones de académicos, tomadores de decisiones y organizaciones sociales serán indispensables para una política pública de salud basada en evidencia y con equidad social.
Objective. To analyze the financial flows in the drug dependency programs in México City, their financial source, and the way how funding monies are spent. Material and methods. A discrete number of institutions devoted to drug dependency control in Mexico City was selected. Analysis of financial flows was carried out using the National Health Accounts methods. Questionnaires to quantify resources were applied to health service managers and users. In addition to collection of financial flow data, we calculated the expenditures per user for each institution. For the period 1990-1993, expenditures were estimated from financial budgets allocated to each program in 1990, at constant values to eliminate the effects of inflation. Results. Financial sources identified were: the federal budget allocation (50-90%), user fees (10-20%), and non-governmental organization contributions (15-80%). Conclusions. Even though budgets in participant institutions have increased in the last four years, they are still inadequate to cover the large demand of services. It is important to identify new ways to increase the availability of resources as well as to ensure their efficient use. Continuing financial analysis of these programs will allow the assessment of changes to guide optimal financial decision making.
Objetivo. Analizar la prevalencia de sedentarismo laboral en diferentes contextos ocupacionales y estimar los factores asociados de acuerdo con el sector de actividad económica. Material y métodos. Análisis secundario de datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Ocupación y Empleo (ENOE); se identificó la ocupación y se clasificó en cuatro categorías. La variable dependiente fue el sedentarismo laboral; las variables independientes fueron sexo, edad, escolaridad, ingreso, zona de residencia urbana del trabajador, formalidad laboral y región socioeconómica. Los factores asociados se estimaron mediante regresión logística múltiple por sector de actividad económica. Resultados. La mayor prevalencia del sedentarismo laboral se encontró en el sector de servicios (43%, IC95%: 42.3-43.6). Los factores asociados fueron nivel de estudios superior, mayores ingresos, ser mujer y trabajar en el sector formal. Conclusiones. La prevalencia de sedentarismo laboral es alta en sectores productivos estratégicos, por lo que es necesario considerar los factores de riesgo identificados en este trabajo para establecer estrategias de mitigación.
Objective. To estimate the magnitude of out-of-pocket (OOP) and catastrophic health expenses as well as impoverishment experienced by households of schizophrenia patients lacking social security coverage. Materials and methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 96 individuals treated outpatient consultation between February and December 2018, in a psychiatric hospital. Results. All households sustained OOP health expenses; the median was 510 USD (95%CI: 456-628). The OOP expenses represented 28 and 4% of the capacity to pay of poor and rich households, respectively. The 16% of households incurred catastrophic expenses and 6.6% have impoverishment for health reasons. Conclusions. Our results illustrate that pocket expenses and catastrophic expenses in patients with schizophrenia are higher than those reported for the general population. Therefore, it is necessary to rethink the financial protection policies aimed at patients with schizophrenia and their households.
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