Background/Objective: Euphorbia hirta, Citrus aurantifolia and Heterotis rotundifolia are commonly used in Benin in the treatment of infectious diseases. The aim of this study is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic properties of ethanolic extracts of these plants. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on 30 wistar rats placed in 6 work lots. A positive control lot having received diclofenac and a negative control lot having received physiological water were used. The ethanolic extract of the plants was used at a dose of 200 mg / kg bw. The model of inflammatory edema of the rat paw induced by 2% formalin was used. Analgesic activity was assessed by the pain method induced by 3% acetic acid and the tail immersion method with wistar rats. The antipyretic effect was evaluated on pyrexia induced by brewer's yeast at 20% with wistar rats. Results: After injection of formalin to animals, inflammatory reaction was almost immediate with appearance of classic signs of acute local inflammation (Redness, pain, heat and edema) at the five experimental groups. This inflammatory reaction occurs in two phases. The first phase occurs between 0 and 2 hours after injection of phlogogenic agent and the second phase, initiated after two hours extending to the fifth hour and even beyond. Administration of these extracts prevents edema inflammatory and inhibition percentages of edema vary between 23.67% and 86.76% for the three extracts. These extracts have similar anti-inflammatory activity (p> 0.05) to that of diclofenac at 50 mg/kg. Analgesic activity show that these extracts inhibit very significantly (p<0.001) chemical pain induced by acetic acid and the highest inhibition percentage is 60.34% (Citrus aurantifolia). This percentage is like to that of acetylsalicylic acid (67.35%) administered at the same dose. Likewise, these extracts attenuate significantly (p <0.05) thermal pain induced by tail immersion of each rat in hot water at 50°C. Indeed, these extracts, reduces very significantly (p <0.001) pyrexia induced by 20% beer yeast suspension in rats and they have similar effect (p> 0.05) to that of acetylsalicylic acid at the fourth hour. Conclusion: These results show that the plants studied have the pharmacological properties evaluated. These results justify the use of these plants in traditional medicine.

Corchorus olitorius L. which belongs to Tiliaceae family is a cultivated herbaceous plant highly consumed as traditional leafy vegetables in Benin. Extracts from samples of different morphotypes leaves of this species were analysed for their phytochemical compositions, antioxidant and cytotoxicity activities. On each sample extract, qualitative phytochemical tests were used to detect the presence of bioactive molecules and evaluate their cytotoxicity using brine shrimp lethality bioassay. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl assay. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of several phytochemical compounds in all samples of morphotypes studied but these have not a similar profile. Morphotypes with shiny rounded leaves have more phytochemicals (58% of phytochemicals compounds) than the other samples. Analysis of the potential antioxidant reveals a first category of morphotypes with high potential antioxidant capacity ranged from 27,859 to 32,985 mM EAA/g followed by second class of morphotype which ranged from 17,527 to 23,098 mM EAA/g . Regular consumption of C. olitorius such as varieties with rounded and non-shiny leaves, varieties with elongated and shiny leaves, varieties with red stems, varieties with elongated and nonshiny leaves with lateral lobes, would be useful for the treatment of various diseases induced by free radicals. The LC50 of morphotypes C. olitorius varies between 0.78 and 3.125 mg/ml indicating non toxicity. From this study, results justify the use of some morphotypes of C. olitorius in traditional medicine. Hence, these morphotypes are nutraceuticals leafy vegetables that must be promoted through development of food based products.

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Crateva adansonii constitue l’une des espèces prisées au sein de la population béninoise pour ses nombreuses vertus thérapeutiques et nutritionnelles. La présente étude intitulée a été initiée pour garantir et promouvoir une meilleure utilisation de Crateva adansonii dans le traitement des maladies. L’étude ethnomédicinale a été réalisée au moyen des interviews semi structuré auprès des herboristes et des consommateurs de Cotonou et de Dassa. Le screening phytochimique a été effectué par chromatographie sur couche mince (CCM) doublé du dosage spectrophotométrique des métabolites secondaires. Les méthodes FRAP et DPPH ont servi à la détermination du pouvoir antioxydant et la CI 50% a été calculée. Les enquêtés ethnomédicinales ont montré que Crateva adansonii s’utilise au Bénin aussi bien à des fins thérapeutiques, alimentaire que médico-magique. La forme galénique de ses organes les plus utilisées (tiges feuillées) est la décoction par voie orale. La phytochimie a révélé, en plus des principaux groupes phytochimiques (composés phénoliques, composés azotés, composés stéroïdes et terpénoïdes et mucilages), la présence des huiles essentielles, des lignanes et des pigments anthocyaniques. Dans la gamme de concentrations utilisées (0,23 – 30 µg.ml-1), le pouvoir antioxydant de l’extrait varie de 5 – 58% (méthode DPPH) et de 23,01 à 34,06mMolEAA/g (méthode FRAP). Quant au dosage des métabolites secondaires, l’extrait éthanolique de Crateva adansonii renferme respectivement 12,85 mg Eq Cat/100 mg de tannins totaux, 29,64 mg Eq Quer/100 mg de flavonoïdes totaux et 3,51 mg Eq ac. Galic/100 mg de phénoliques totaux. Mignanwandé et al., 2020 Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences (J.Anim.Plant Sci. ISSN 2071-7024) Vol.46 (1): 8071-8089 https://doi.org/10.35759/JAnmPlSci.v46-1.2 8072 ABSTRACT Crateva adansonii is one of the species prized by the Beninese population for its many therapeutic and nutritional benefits. This titled study was initiated to ensure and promote better use of Crateva adansonii in the treatment of diseases. The ethnomedicinal study was carried out through semi-structured interviews with herbalists and consumers in Cotonou and Dassa. The phytochemical screening was carried out by thin layer chromatography (TLC) coupled with the spectrophotometric assay of the secondary metabolites. The FRAP and DPPH methods were used to determine the antioxidant power and the IC 50% was calculated. Ethnomedicinal surveys have shown that Crateva adansonii is used in Benin for therapeutic, nutritional and medico-magical purposes. The dosage form of its most widely used organs (leafy stems) is the oral decoction. Phytochemistry revealed, in addition to the main phytochemical groups (phenolic compounds, nitrogen compounds, steroid and terpenoids compounds and mucilages), the presence of essential oils, lignans and anthocyanin pigments. In the range of concentrations used (0.23 - 30 µg.ml-1), the antioxidant power of the extract varies from 5 - 58% (DPPH method) and from 23.01 to 34.06 mMolEAA / g (FRAP method). As for the determination of secondary metabolites, the ethanolic extract of Crateva adansonii contains respectively 12.85 mg Eq Cat / 100 mg of total tannins, 29.64 mg Eq Quer / 100 mg of total flavonoids and 3.51 mg Eq ac. Galic / 100 mg total phenolics.

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