<div class="page" title="Page 26"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Apresentamos neste artigo uma análise sócio-diacrônica das formas de tratamento na função de sujeito em cartas pessoais dos estados da Bahia, de Pernambuco e do Rio Grande do Norte, na região nordeste, num recorte temporal que contempla os séculos XIX e XX. Os resultados mostram que nas cartas da região nordeste o subsistema de tratamento exclusivo de </span><span>você </span><span>é mais frequente em quase todas as décadas dos dois séculos observados. Esse quadro já se encontra bastante consolidado na primeira metade do século XX, mais especificamente na década de 1910. As escolhas das demais formas de tratamento estão diretamente vinculadas ao tipo de relação estabelecida entre os escreventes, considerando mais poder ou mais solidariedade nos diferentes contatos. </span></p></div></div></div></div>
O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar qual gramática portuguesa forneceu uma das bases para o desenvolvimento do português brasileiro (MATTOS E SILVA, 2004). A partir dos dados obtidos por Cardoso (2020), que investigou a interpolação e a colocação dos clíticos em textos escritos por indivíduos nascidos no Brasil Colônia, argumentamos que a gramática portuguesa preponderante para a formação do português brasileiro foi o português clássico. Com base nisso, apontamos o percurso das gramáticas portuguesas no Brasil e em Portugal e destacamos de que maneira se dá a presença do português clássico em textos brasileiros.
In this paper we discuss the phenomenon of subject topics, consisting of the movement of either a genitive or a locative constituent into subject position in Brazilian Portuguese. This construction occurs with different verb classes, shows subject-verb agreement and precludes a resumptive pronoun. The goal of the present text is to account for its distribution. To do so, we argue that the two subclasses of unaccusative verbs found with genitive and locative topics instantiate some sort of secondary predication, and that only specific configurations allow for the movement of a constituent out of the argument structure domain. Finally, we address the comparative issue involved in explaining why the derivation of such a construction is not possible in European Portuguese.
This text analyses the here dubbed D-construction in Galician and European Portuguese, composed of a determiner phrase (DP) followed by a demonstrative pronoun and a main clause. This quite unexplored construction is described as a strategy to promote a referent into the sentence topic and at the same time contrasting it to other salient members of a partially ordered set, by means of the analysis of its pragmatic and prosodic aspects. An existing analysis supposing an appositive role for the demonstrative is argued against, thus strengthening the idea that DP and demonstrative do not form a single constituent. By means of a series of intuition tests, the D-construction is characterised as an instance of Hanging Topic Left Dislocation of a kind found in Germanic languages. Finally, a unified account is put forward for Galician and Portuguese, whenever the structure includes a coreferent clitic in the main clause. In this case the DP is assigned a position in a Frame projection (FrameP), whereas the demonstrative is a base-generated topic in the left periphery, connected to the clitic by long-distance agreement. In European Portuguese, where the structure may also occur without a resumptive clitic, the demonstrative can move into Spec,IP. Either of these are the first part of the derivation, respectively identical to Clitic Left Dislocation or Topicalisation. The paper concludes that the D-construction must be considered a marked syntactic construction on its own terms, and considers some possible themes for future research.
previous studies have reported that clitic interpolation and clitic climbing change according to three stages in the history of european portuguese. in this paper we develop the idea that these phenomena are deeply intertwined, once they are related through the notion 'clitic position'. in order to provide a unified explanation for interpolation and climbing, we follow a quantitative methodology using the Tycho Brahe Corpus of Historical Portuguese. Considering that clitic position reflects the category hosting the clitic, we argue that the availability of Xp interpolation and of obligatory clitic climbing in Old Portuguese reflect more basic structural principles, such as V-to-Fin movement and cl-to-Force movement, which is dependent on the role of left-peripheral elements in old portuguese grammar. in other words, clitics could occur either in Force or in Fin, in order to mark their relative presuppositional nature with respect to different left-peripheral elements. In Classical Portuguese, we argue that XP interpolation was replaced by Neg interpolation because of the loss of V-to-Fin movement in embedded contexts, a period when clitic climbing started to reflect a number of criteria related to topicality. Finally, in Modern European Portuguese the gradual loss of Neg interpolation and the marked status of clitic climbing can be understood as consequences related to the loss of V-to-Fin movement across the board. Keywords: Portuguese language; clitics; Diachronic Syntax resumo: Estudos anteriores relataram que os fenômenos da interpolação e da subida de clíticos sofrem mudanças de acordo com três fases da história do português europeu. Neste trabalho defendemos a hipótese de que ambos os fenômenos estão profundamente interligados, sendo relacionados por meio do conceito 'posição de clíticos'. A fim de fornecer uma explicação unificada para interpolação e subida, seguimos uma metodologia quantitativa usando o Corpus do Português Histórico Tycho Brahe. Considerando que a posição do clítico reflete a categoria que o hospeda, argumentamos que a disponibilidade de interpolação de XP e a subida obrigatória do clítico refletem princípios estruturais mais básicos, tais como o movimento V-para-Fin e o movimento cl-para-Force, que depende do papel dos elementos da periferia esquerda da sentença na gramática do português antigo. Em outras palavras, clíticos podiam ocorrer tanto em Force como em Fin, de tal forma a marcar sua relativa natureza pressuposicional face a elementos na periferia esquerda da sentença. No português clássico, defendemos que a interpolação de XP deu lugar à interpolação de Neg por causa da perda do movimento V-para-Fin * The second author acknowledges the financial support by Fapesb to project number 9469/2015. This paper relates to Fapesp project number 2012/06078-9. We thank two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments and the editors of Cadernos de Estudos Linguísticos for the assistance. the usual disclaimers apply.
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