This paper presents design of an 8-bit 1.8V fully segmented digital to analog converter (DAC) using 180nm CMOS technology. DAC is an essential part of digital signal processor. Digital to analog converter is employed in processing of digital signals and providing analog output in the form of current or voltage for corresponding binary input. The differential non linearity of a DAC shows variation in output corresponding to 1LSB change at input that is accuracy of data conversion. To achieve low non linearity or more accurate data conversion a DAC is designed with unary coding or a fully segmented digital to analog converter with current steering technique. The INL and DNL achieved in this research work are 0.145LSB and 0.013LSB respectively. The power consumption is simulated as 99.67mW.

Spherical antenna array is mathematically modelled and subjected to radiation synthesis using Differential Evolution(DE),Simplified Swarm Optimization(SSO)and Cuckoo search(CS).This paper deals with the geometrical adjustments of a conformal antenna array with the aid of optimization techniques in order to generate a co-secant squared pattern distribution which is a means of achieving a uniform signal strength at the input of the receiver of target when it is moving at a constant altitude.

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