Mercury in human body is a free radical that can cause depletion of glutathione (GSH) and hoarding of H2O2, leading to shorten the age of erythrocytes and cause haemolysis. Approximately 90% organic form can be absorbed by the intestinal wall, while inorganic forms are only about 10%. The initial form can also penetrate the blood and placental barrier so that it can cause teratogenic effects and nervous disorders. The effects of mercury toxicity on humans depend on the chemical form of mercury, dosage, age of people exposed, length of exposure, entry into the body, fish diet and consumption of seafood. Mercury is able to bind sulfidril proteins in cells resulting in nonspecific cell injury or even cell death, cessation of microtubule formation, enzyme inhibition, oxidative stress, cessation of protein and DNA synthesis, and autoimmune responses. Classified into a very toxic metal, mercury can trigger the formation of ROS, hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation, hydroxyl radicals that can inhibit enzymes, cell damage, DNA damage, protein structure damage, disruption on the body's antioxidant metabolism, especially superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Mercury exposure is associated with an increased risk of hypertension, myocardial infarction, coronary dysfunction, and atherosclerosis. This review is clearly in line to investigate the effect of mercury on human health based on previous research, article and other literature sources.

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Background: Cigarette smoke exposure increase free radicals in the body in the form of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Excessive levels of ROS can cause an imbalance between the amount of oxidants and antioxidants that trigger oxidative stress. The state of oxidative stress can be seen from the decrease in antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA). Tender coconut water contains a variety of substances that are beneficial to the body, including L-arginine and Vitamin C which can increase antioxidant enzymes and reduce oxidative stress. Aim and Objectives: This study aims to determine the effect of giving tender coconut water on increasing antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and CAT and decreasing MDA in rats exposed to cigarette smoke. Material and Methods: Experimental research by Post-Test Only Control Group Design study used 24 rats divided into 4 groups, K1 was the control, K2 was the negative control exposed to cigarette smoke, K3 the positive control was given vitamin E and K4 the treatment group. Furthermore, sampling was continued by examining the levels of SOD and CAT using ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay), while MDA using spectrophotometry. The SOD, CAT, and MDA data were processed using SPSS with the One Way Anova. Results: The administration of tender coconut water at a dose of 8mL/200grBW/day and vitamin E at a dose of 1.8 mg/200gBW/day for 14 days increasing SOD levels, CAT levels and reduce MDA levels. Conclusion: It can be concluded that tender coconut water can increase antioxidant enzymes and reduce MDA in rats exposed to cigarette smoke.

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) can be prevented by early detection and control of risk factors. This study aimed to determine the relationship of High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) levels with stenosis levels based on Significant Non-Significant angiography in CAD patients. Observational research method with cross-sectional design from secondary data at RSI Sultan Agung Semarang in January 2016 - October 2018, 363 respondents met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were analyzed by  Spearman test and logistic regression. In low HDL, significant stenosis was found to be 80.5% and non-significant 19.5%, significant HDL was found with significant stenosis 67.0% and non-significant 33.0%, whereas in high HDL, all (100%) with significant stenosis. The results with the Spearman test obtained p = 0.022. In the multivariate analysis of sex as the predominant variable (p=0,000; PR=4.743; 95%CI=1.496-4.109). age (p = 0.013; PR = 3.48; 95% CI = 1.24- 6.13), hypertension (p = 0.044; PR = 1.79; 95% CI = 1.10-3.17). There was a significant relationship between HDL levels and significant stenosis levels based on significant non-angiography in CAD patients and after being analyzed together with the disrupting variables as sex the most influential factors.