Background: Dengue fever is a vector-borne infectious tropical disease caused by the dengue virus, the most common arthropod-borne infection in humans. According to WHO, the best strategy to avoid dengue endemic is to educate people about the disease and preventative measures? Despite the efforts to avoid the dengue virus, the newest national survey statistics show that dengue fever is still on the increase among the population. The major goal of this study was to examine university students' knowledge of dengue and preventative measures, as well as to determine the relationship between awareness of dengue and drivers of knowledge of dengue infection in Government College University Faisalabad students. Aim: The aim of this review is to highlight Dengue fever (break-borne fever). Materials and methods: This was a survey review article. This research work was conducted at Government College University, Faisalabad. And this research work was conducted in three months (Between February 2020 and April 2020). A cross-sectional study investigation was carried out. A total of 500 students were interviewed, with pre-tested questioners being used. Results: A cross-sectional investigation was carried out. A total of 500 students were interviewed, with pre-tested questioners being used. The sampling was done in a convenient manner. In Government College University Faisalabad, several medical terminologies were put in plain English, and interviewers were trained for data collecting. The research was carried out at Government College University in Faisalabad. The course of study was also thought to have an influence on Dengue fever knowledge. SPSS was used to examine the findings of this investigation. The total score range was 25. The participants (26.4%) showed scores from a range of 10 or below 10 which means they had poor knowledge about dengue awareness. While the participants (45.4%) showed scores from a range of 11 to 18 which means they had fair knowledge about dengue awareness. The participants (28.2%) s showed scores ranging from 19 to 25 which means they had good knowledge about dengue fever awareness. Conclusion: Of this study is that knowledge is poor between the study respondents while the majority of persons had clear understanding of fever, headache, joint pain as general signs and symptoms of dengue viral fever. However, a huge proportion exhibited vague opinions of other different signs and symptoms involving muscular pain and skin rashes. Only rare of them knew that dengue viral fever is caused by mosquito bites, and was conscious that the mosquito causing dengue breeds in artificially collected water.

Leaf samples of Cucumis Sativus L. (C. sativus) (Family; Cucurbitaceae) showing vein thickening, mild leaf curling and leaf enations were collected from the farmer's field. Amplification of the full-length viral molecules was performed through rolling circle amplification (RCA). Cloning of the full-length viral molecules was done through standard cloning procedure followed by sequencing. Sequence similarity analysis and phylogenetic studies showed that the virus associated with leaf curling and enations in C. sativus was a bipartite begomovirus, where DNA-A and DNA-B showed highest nucleotide sequence homology of 98% and 97% to tomato leaf curl Palampur virus (ToLCPMV) from India. Attempts to isolate betasatellites and alphasatellites through PCR using RCA product as template, did not result in any amplification. A maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree grouped DNA-A and B components with other isolates from India. SDT was used to find the pairwise identity scores of different sequences of ToLCPMV present in the database. Phylogenetic analysis showed that sequences of ToLCPMV DNA-A and B components in this study share high degree of homology with existing viruses and are isolates of ToLCPMV-India. Infectious molecules of both components (Accessions, MG252783 and MG252784, respectively) were constructed for infectivity analysis to fulfill the Koch's postulate. Infectivity analysis revealed that ToLCPMV DNA-A is infectious to model host plant Nicotiana benthamiana and viral accumulation was confirmed through Southern blot analysis. Accumulation of DNA-B was confirmed through PCR. Infectivity analysis was also conducted using the original host, C. sativus, but plants were unable to survive the agroinoculation. To our knowledge this is the first report of ToLCPMV associated with C. sativus L. in Pakistan.

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