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Abstract-A new adaptive underwater target classification system to cope with environmental changes in acoustic backscattered data from targets and nontargets is introduced in this paper. The core of the system is the adaptive feature mapping that minimizes the classification error rate of the classifier. The goal is to map the feature vector in such a way that the mapped version remains invariant to the environmental changes. A -nearest neighbor ( -NN) system is used as a memory to provide the closest matches of an unknown pattern in the feature space. The classification decision is done by a backpropagation neural network (BPNN). Two different cost functions for adaptation are defined. These two cost functions are then combined together to improve the classification performance. The test results on a 40-kHz linear FM acoustic backscattered data set collected from six different objects are presented. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the adaptive system versus nonadaptive system when the signal-to-reverberation ratio (SRR) in the environment is varying.Index Terms-Adaptive classification, feature mapping, in situ learning, neural networks, underwater target classification.

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