Background: In response to the need for safe care for people with diabetes mellitus in the current outbreak of COVID-19, it is critical to evaluate the model, service delivery, feasibility, and efficiency of diabetes mellitus telecoaching. Objective: This study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the model and efficacy of telecoaching to improve self-care and clinical outcomes. Methods: This study uses the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). We searched on 22 March 2022, using keywords that matched the MeSH browser in four databases to find relevant studies, namely, PubMed/Medline, Proquest, Scopus, and EBSCOhost. Additionally, we collected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on Google Scholar using the snowball technique. A quality assessment was performed using the Cochrane Collaboration’s Risk of Bias tool (RoB)2. The meta-analysis used the DerSimonian–Laird random-effects model to analyze the pooled mean difference (MD) and its p-value. Results: Thirteen RCT studies were included for the systematic review and meta-analysis with a total number of participants of 3,300. The model of telecoaching is a form of using nurses-led telephone and mobile apps, which are relatively cost-effective. The meta-analysis showed a positively improved statistically significance in clinical outcomes, including in HbA1c (a pooled MD of −0.33; 95% CI: −0.51–−0.15; p = 0.0003), blood glucose (−18.99; 95% CI: −20.89–−17.09; p = 0.00001), systolic blood pressure (−2.66; 95% CI: −3.66–−1.66; p = 0.00001), body mass index (−0.79; 95% CI: −1.39–−0.18; p = 0.01), and weight (−2.16 kg; 95% CI: −3.95–−0.38; p = 0.02). It was not, however, statistically significant in diastolic blood pressure (−0.87; 95% CI: −2.02–0.28; p = 0.14), total cholesterol (−0.07; 95% CI: −0.26–0.12; p = 0.46), low-density lipoprotein (−2.19; 95% CI: −6.70–2.31; p = 0.34), triglycerides (−13.56; 95% CI: −40.46–13.35; p = 0.32) and high-density protein (0.40; 95% CI: −1.12–1.91; p = 0.61). Conclusions: The telecoaching with nurses-led telephone and mobile apps significantly affected clinical outcomes on HbA1c, systolic blood pressure, weight, and BMI. Moreover, there was no significant effect on the total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein. Thus, telecoaching has the potential as a care model in diabetes mellitus during COVID-19 and similar pandemics to improve self-care and clinical outcomes, but all the studies analyzed involved non-COVID-19 patients, limiting the generalizability of the results to COVID-19.

Compliance of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in undergoing therapy is essential in reducing the viral load. Currently, the world is in the era of revolution 4.0, where there is a combination between technology and human needs. The effort to adapt to this condition is by utilizing Telehealth. Telehealth is considered efficient in controlling, monitoring, and providing palliative care remotely. This study's purpose is to review Telehealth's effectiveness as an alternative method of increasing anti-retroviral treatment compliance in children, adolescents, and young adults with HIV. Using scoping review method with inclusion criteria for articles published in 2012 – 2022, Randomized Control Trial and Experimental Study research design, and published in English. Selection of articles using PRISMA Flow Diagram. The database consists of PubMed and EBSCO using keywords telenursing, compliance, anti-retroviral agents, and children. Four articles were included in the study out of 895 identified articles. The use of Telehealth provides the potential for both children and youth to increase patient motivation and adherence to treatment. Telehealth in patients with HIV used short messages. So, Telehealth has the potential to become  an alternative method of increasing anti-retroviral treatment adherence in children, adolescents, and young adults with HIV.

The unwanted pregnancy in adolescents is increasing every year. The impact of unwanted pregnancy towards the adolescents can form as physical and psychological. The psychological impact which is not resolved can result in depression and even suicide. The purpose of this literature review is to determine the psychological impact on adolescents who experience the unwanted pregnancy.This literature review used narrative review related to the psychological impact of adverse events on adolescents. The databases used for this study are Google Scholar, Science Direct, Proquest, Pubmed, Researchgate, and Garuda Portal. The keywords used in Indonesian are, dampak psikologis” dan “kehamilan tidak diinginkan” dan “remaja”. The English keywords are “impact” and “unwanted pregnancy” OR “unintended pregnancy”, “teenager” OR “adolescent”. 32 articles were obtained according to the inclusion criteria were open access, full texts with publication years between 2010-2020 and 9 articles were selected for further review. The results showed the psychological impact of the unwanted pregnancy on adolescents are shame, fear, disappointment, anxiety, crying, guilt, irritability, being introverted, frustrated, angry, aggressive, panic, regret, stress and depression. Suggestion: The results of this literature review are expected to be a reference in further and in-depth research regarding the impact of unwanted pregnancy on adolescents so that the number of unwanted pregnancies in adolescents will no longer increase if they know the impact of unwanted pregnancies.