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Flow assisted corrosion (FAC) is a problem of pipeline systems that handle high flow rates and strong direction changes. In the present investigation, FAC was tested on carbon steel exposed to the NACE 1D-196 environment by means an experimental pipe loop. As the exposure time increased, corrosion products formed a mixture of oxides, sulfides, and an apparent sulfate (rhombohedral mikasaite Fe2 (SO4)3), which was found in greater proportion and appeared to have a significant effect on decreasing corrosion rate. Transmission electron microscopy and X ray diffraction patterns seemed to confirm the presence of a sulfate and some oxides as the major chemical species contained in the corrosion products.

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In this study, the synthesis of LiCo 1−X Sm X O y powders (X = 0.002, 0.004, 0.006, 0.008, and 0.1) by the sol-gel method and the influence of Sm on their structural and morphological properties is reported for the first time. The results of x-ray diffraction (XRD) studies show that LiCoO 2 powders synthesized at temperatures up to 700˚C present a characteristic hexagonal crystalline phase of the α-NaFeO 2 type (space group R-3m), revealing a shift in the (0 0 3) Bragg reflection, which reflects the presence of Sm in the crystalline structure. The morphology was spheroidal and, on average, 122 nm in size. Based on the data obtained, LiCo 1−X Sm X O y powders (X = 0.002, 0.004, 0.006, 0.008, and 0.1) show promise as a material for use in the cathodes of lithium-ion batteries.