For the foreseeable future, vaccines are the cornerstone in the global campaign against the Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic. As the number and fatalities due to COVID-19 decline and the lockdown anywise rescinded, we recognize an increase in the incidence of autoimmune disease post-COVID-19 vaccination. However, the causality of the most vaccine-induced side effects is debatable and, at best, limited to a temporal correlation. We herein report a case of a 51-year-old gentleman who developed Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) 2 week post-COVID-19 vaccination. The patient responded favorably to oral steroids and rituximab. Additionally, we conducted a case-based review of vaccine-associated AAV describing their clinical manifestations and treatment response of this emerging entity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00296-021-05069-x.

Introduction: Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) / Contrast inducedacute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is one of the most common causes of hospital-acquired AKI. Methods: This is a prospective, single center study of 774 consecutive patients (449 males and 325 females with mean age of 48.85 AE 14.05 years) who underwent iodinated contrast procedures with nonionic, low-osmolality iodinated contrast medium (Iomeprol) via IV and IA routes from 2013 to 2015 were included in the study. CIN was defined as a relative increase of $25% or an absolute increase of >0.5 mg/dL in serum creatinine levels within 2 days post-procedure. We recorded the baseline characteristics, laboratory parameters along with underlying renal injury risk factors; contrast administration volume, type, and route of administration; incidence of CIN and requirement of dialysis and use of prophylactic measures for CIN. Univariate and multivariate models were used to determine predictors of CIN. Results: The total incidence of CIN was 14.85% (115 patients) with the incidence being 77.4% following IA contrast administration versus 22.6% following IV contrast administration (p ¼ 0.001). Baseline eGFR was lower for patients undergoing IA contrast procedures (66.02 AE 23.70 ml/min/1.73m 2 vs 71.31AE24.07 ml/min/1.73m 2 , p¼0.002). The total risk of renal replacement therapy was 1.7% (13 patients) with the incidence being more in the IA group than the IV group (3.1% vs

Surgical resection followed by radioactive iodine ( 131 I) therapy constitutes a standard treatment for differentiated thyroid cancer. 131 I is normally excreted through the kidneys, and treatment of patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis requires special attention to the dose of 131 I, the timing of dialysis, and radiation safety. We present a case of end-stage renal disease in a postthyroidectomy patient on hemodialysis who required radioactive iodine ablation, and we review the literature.

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Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinico-radiological phenomenon commonly associated with kidney diseases, especially chronic kidney disease. A consequence of endothelial dysfunction, PRES is usually associated with uncontrolled blood pressures and can rarely have atypical radiological findings involving the brain stem and spinal cord, called posterior reversible encephalopathy with spinal cord involvement (PRES-SCI). These atypical features may be confused with other etiologies causing a delay in diagnosis and management. We describe a young male patient who presented with neurological symptoms suggestive of PRES; however, the atypical radiological findings along with concomitant rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis led to a diagnostic dilemma. Repeat neuro-imaging after appropriate blood pressure control showed disappearance of the lesions confirming the diagnosis of PRES-SCI, and kidney biopsy showed advanced IgA nephropathy. Knowledge of atypical features of PRES is crucial amongst nephrologists as it is a common association with kidney disease and prompt identification and management avoid irreversible sequelae and unnecessary investigations.