In India anemia is a common problem among Antenatal Women. In order to decrease maternal mortality, it is important to create knowledge among  antenatal women. Varied instruments have been used to assess knowledge on anemia. However, there is a shortage for validated instruments in India for assessing anemia knowledge. The aim of present study is to develop a reliable and valid questionnaire to assess the knowledge of anemia to be used in antenatal women, reproductive women and adolescent girls. Before pretest researchers measured face validity and construct validity. The study was conducted in antenatal outpatient department of selected primary health centers at Thriuvallur district, Tamil Nadu, India.Subjects: Six nursing and one psychology expert, ten Village Health Nurse (VHN) and 100 antenatal mothers participated in the mission. During factorial analysis sampling adequacy was measured by using Kaiser- Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test (MSA) = 0.87 and Bartlett’s test of sphericity was X2 = 458.338 (p < 0.001). Varimax with Kaiser normalization rotation was performed and three factors were defined. The “general awareness” consists of four items (α = 0.79), anemia investigation and treatment component consists of six items (α = 0.81) and under diet and complication of anemia component, there is a five item factor (α = 0.89). In individual questions factor analysis, Cronbach’s alphas ranged from .84 and .86. 15.2% indicating total variance. There is no statistical significance between test and retest method. The questionnaire showed good validity and reliability (internal consistency and reproducibility), hence we can use this questionnaire among adults.

Objectives: To assess the knowledge on anaemia among antenatal women. To determine the adherence to iron folate supplementation among antenatal women. To identify the relationship between knowledge on anaemia and adherence to iron folate supplementation and to determine the association between knowledge and adherence with the selected background variables of antenatal women. Research Design: A descriptive cross sectional study design was used for this study. Methods: The target population of the study was antenatal women who completed 32 weeks of gestation and accessible population was antenatal women attending the outpatient department, SRH. The purposive sampling technique was used to select 240 antenatal women for the study. The instruments used for the study were standardized Morisky Medication Adherence Scale to determine the adherence to iron folate supplementation among antenatal women. In addition the investigator developed a structured questionnaire to collect data regarding background variables of the antenatal women and to assess the knowledge on anaemia among antenatal women. Interview technique was used to collect data from the antenatal women. Descriptive and inferential statistics (ANOVA, independent t’ test, correlation co-efficient, and multivariable logistic regression) were used to summarize the data. The 0.05 level of significance was used.xiii Major findings: 47.89% (113) of antenatal women had inadequate knowledge and 52.11% of antenatal women had moderately adequate knowledge. None of them had adequate knowledge on anemia. Most (63.1%) of the antenatal women had moderately adequate knowledge in the aspect of nature of the disease. In the aspect of investigation and treatment, half of the antenatal women (55.1%) had moderately adequate knowledge. In the area of prevention control and complications, 79.7% of antenatal women had inadequate knowledge. Nearly half of them (48.8%) had poor adherence to iron folate supplementation, 39.4% of them had fair adherence, only few (11.8%) had good adherence. The reasons for non adherence were: forgot to take pills (83.9%); frustration (48.7%); taste difference (45.8%); experience of side effects (27.5%). There was a statistically significant association between the knowledge on anemia and the demographic variables such as age, education and monthly family income (p< .01, p< .001). There was a statistically significant association between the adherence and maternal variable of the antenatal women such as hemoglobin level during the first trimester, after completion of 32 weeks of gestation and percentage of procurement of iron tablets.

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BACKGROUND Most patients experience post–operative pain and it is unavoidable. It is the duty of the nurses to ensure that patients' pain is assessed and managed effectively when they are at the hospital. Foot reflex therapy is one effective way nurses can adopt to manage the patient with pain after surgery. We wanted to evaluate the effectiveness of foot reflex therapy on post-operative pain in patients who are subjected to major abdominal surgery. METHODS This is a descriptive randomized control study that was conducted at Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Hospital, among 360 patients who underwent major abdominal surgery. They were equally divided into two groups as control and study groups and the results were analyzed statistically. RESULTS Majority of the patients in the study group showed a positive effect on pain control during 4th and 5th [ (Mean: 1.27 with SD: 1.12) (Mean: 0.03with SD: 0.32) at p < 0.001] post-operative day following foot reflex therapy. CONCLUSIONS The existing pain and the post-operative pain can be managed by nurses, patients, their care takers or families together, whenever appropriate, in a multidisciplinary manner. Foot reflex therapy is one such alternative complementary therapy which the nurses can adopt to implement the techniques independently. KEY WORDS Foot Reflex Therapy, Foot Reflexology, Alternative Medicine, Complementary Therapy, Post-Operative Day (POD)

The study aimed to explore adherence behavior towards medication, diet, fluid, and treatment, and determine the perception about treatment among patients subjected to hemodialysis (HD). A cross sectional descriptive research design was adopted. 100 patients subjected to hemodialysis were recruited and End stage renal disease adherence questionnaire was used to evaluate the adherence behavior and perception towards HD treatment. All (100 %) patients were adherent to dialysis treatment. 65 % of them perceived that following the fluid restrictions were important. Considerable difference was observed in adherence behavior to follow fluid and diet recommendations. The study aimed to explore adherence behavior towards medication, diet, fluid, and treatment, and determine the perception about treatment among patients subjected to hemodialysis. The findings of the study assert that the patients subjected to hemodialysis have limited awareness on diet and fluid restrictions. This information builds on to the knowledge to the nursing practice that all the patients undergoing hemodialysis must be educated with essential information on diet, fluid and treatment. The finding of this study gives direction that much attention needs to be given to the essential informational needs of patients undergoing hemodialysis. Holistic nursing care has gained much importance in recent years. All the patients undergoing hemodialysis should be considered as a “whole” individual where all the needs of the patients including physical, psychological, social, spiritual, informational needs must be met. This in turn will improve the wellbeing and quality of life of the patients. Tailored information prescriptions related to diet, fluid and medication recommendations would improve adherence behavior among patients subjected to Hemodialysis.