No abstract

One of the main objectives of regression testing is to test that the changed system works according to specification, at the same time optimizing the number of test cases by making it efficient and effective. This paper presents a black-box approach that uses Steiner Tree algorithm to generate a minimal test set to check functionality. Test cases are generated from specification represented using the Unified Modeling Language (UML). A set of terminals are given as input to the Steiner Tree algorithm with the graph G. The changed nodes are defined as terminal nodes to ensure inclusion in the test set. A minimal set of test cases is generated as an indicator to the effectiveness of the change. Initial results show that the method is applicable for quick testing to ensure that basic functionality works correctly.

LRN for large renal tumours is feasible and achieves oncologic outcomes similar to that obtained with ORN.

An automated software testing tool was built on PERL to test the eVC++ software running on WinCE platform on the embedded devices. An explicit model was built of the core functions of the software on the device. Test sequences were then generated that could call on these core functions.The PERL software received the input of the test sequence(s) to be run and the device(s) on which it was to be run. It would then retrieve the corresponding test sequence and expand the functions called from the core function set. Each of the instructions was converted into the format recognized by the device and sent over the network. The architecture displayed scalability by being extended to test the software on an enhanced device.

Objective: The objective of the study is to describe the perioperative outcomes, disease-specific, and overall survival status in patients diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma with inferior vena cava (IVC) tumor thrombus. Patients and Methods: We did a retrospective analysis of all patients who underwent radical nephrectomy along with IVC thrombectomy from the year 2013 to 2020. Mayo’s classification was used to stratify the level of IVC thrombus. Demographic, perioperative, histopathology data, complications, and survival status were analyzed. Results: Total number of patients included in the study was 39, (Male: Female = 84.6%: 15.4%). Median age of patients was 58 (interquartile range [IQR] 50–63) years. Median size of renal tumor (in cms) was 9.5 (IQR 7.5–12), 8 (IQR 7–11.5), 8.5 (IQR 7–11.75), and 11 (IQR 9.5–11) (P = 0.998) in level 1,2,3, and 4 tumors, respectively. Clear cell variant was seen in 32 patients (82%) with R0 resection in 17 patients. Twelve patients (30.7%) had systemic metastasis on presentation. The overall mean survival time was 66.4 months with 95% confidence interval (CI) (52.4–80.5 months). Mean recurrence-free survival is 76 months with (63–90) CI of 95%. Mean survival in patients who presented with metastasis is 47 months with 95% CI (52.4–80.5). Perioperative mortality rate was 5.12% in this study. Conclusion: The tumor size does not have an influence on the progression of tumor thrombus into IVC. Significant difference in survival was observed between different levels of thrombus with high mortality in level four tumors.