The recent surge of online mobilization among Dalits, who belong to India’s most oppressed caste groups, signals a remarkable trend in Internet activism and political engagement. Analyzing Dalit mobilization online, this article argues that technological affordances and distinct cultural practices associated with digital media have enabled certain sections of Dalits to resist the dominant caste narrative, thereby contributing to mobilization against caste-based discrimination. However, multiple “counter-narratives” within the subaltern digital sphere and hybrid media systems have placed limitations on unified action, signaling the need to address mediated factional positions and caste Hindu narratives online in efforts to strengthen the Dalit social movement. This article forwards the argument by examining the expansion of web forums organized by Dalits, with a closer focus on a nationwide online agitation that drew reference to the Black Lives Matter movement in the United States.

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Summary A high‐order curvature‐compensated subthreshold voltage reference is proposed in this paper. The proposed curvature‐compensated voltage reference consists of two supply‐independent first‐order voltage references and a curvature compensation circuit. The supply‐independent first‐order voltage reference uses a negative feedback loop which improves the line sensitivity and eliminates the demand of operational amplifier, whereas the curvature compensation circuit provides high‐order temperature‐compensated output reference voltage. The proposed curvature‐compensated voltage reference provides an output reference voltage of 118.54 mV with a temperature coefficient of 21.5 ppm/°C over a wide temperature range of −60°C to 120°C. The power supply rejection ratio and line sensitivity are observed as −68.64 dB (for the frequency range of 1 Hz to 100 Hz) and 0.035%/V (for the supply voltage varies from 0.85 V to 2.5 V), respectively. The values of output noise at the frequencies of 1 kHz and 10 kHz without using any capacitive filter are obtained as 179.13 nV/ √ Hz and 123.87 nV/ √ Hz, respectively.

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