Abstract. This paper discusses about maritime trade routes in southern Belitung waters in the past based on archaeological remains found at Karang Kennedy Reef by South Sumatra Archaeological Center in 2018. Inductive method was used in this study and the main data were the cargo found in the shipwreck. Data was collected thorugh underwater survey and mapping and then went into specific and contextual analysis. Written sources was also used for data interpretation. The result indicates that Karang Kennedy Site shipwreck is an evidence that Belitung used to be a part of international trade routes. Although the southern Belitung waters are protected from direct wind gusts Java sea or Belitung island, those are also relatively shallow and overgrown with coral reefs that limited the movement of ships and large boats to sail in this area.Keywords: Shipwreck site, Maritime trade, Underwater archaeologyAbstrak. Tulisan ini membahas tentang gambaran jalur perdagangan maritim di wilayah perairan Belitung bagian selatan pada masa lalu. Data yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini berupa tinggalan arkeologi yang ditemukan di Situs Karang Kennedy hasil penelitian Balai Arkeologi Sumatera Selatan tahun 2018. Metode penalaran yang digunakan pada tulisan ini adalah metode induktif. Data yang digunakan adalah temuan arkeologi hasil penelitian tahun 2018 berupa sisa kapal tenggelam dan muatannya. Pengumpulan data pada kegiatan tersebut dilakukan dengan cara survei dan pemetaan bawah air. Analisis temuan dilakukan baik secara khusus maupun kontekstual, semetara interpretasi data menggunakan analogi sejarah dari sumber-sumber tertulis. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan temuan kapal tenggelam di Situs Karang Kennedy merupakan bukti bahwa Belitung juga merupakan bagian dari perdagangan internasional. Selain itu penemuan sisa kapal di Karang Kennedy ini juga dapat dijadikan bukti tentang gambaran pelayaran di perairan bagian selatan Belitung. Meskipun posisi perairan bagian selatan Belitung terlindung dari hembusan angin langsung yang berasal dari arah laut Jawa atau daratan pulau Belitung namun perairan tersebut relatif dangkal dan banyak ditumbuhi terumbu karang sehingga membatasi gerak kapal-kapal dan perahu-perahu berukuran besar yang melintasinya.Kata kunci: Situs kapal tenggelam, Perdagangan maritim, Arkeologi bawah air

Tulisan ini membahas tentang pelestarian sumberdaya arkeologi maritim dengan cara mengintegrasikan pemanfaatan situs kapal tenggelam sebagai obyek wisata selam dengan konservasi terumbu karang sehingga dapat meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat. Metode yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini berupa studi kepustakaan yang berupa penalaahan terhadap bahan pustaka berupa buku, artikel, laporan penelitian dan catatan lainnya. Data utama berupa laporan penelitian arkeologi di Desa Sungai Padang yang dilakukan oleh Balai Arkeologi Sumatera Selatan tahun 2017 dan 2019. Sedangkan data pendukung berupa publikasi tentang pemanfaatan warisan budaya maritim sebagai objek wisata dan pengelolaannya. Wreckdive merupakan wisata minat khusus yang hanya memiliki peminat tidak sebanyak wisata selam lainnya sehingga harus disinergikan dengan obyek wisata selam lainnya antara lain terumbu karang. Daya tarik produk wisata selam perlu dikemas dalam bentuk kegiatan yang berbasis pada aktivitas konservasi terumbu karang dan pelestarian situs sehingga atraksi wisata selam di situs kapal tenggelam dapat lebih terjaga dan berkelanjutan.

Enggano island is one of the foremost islands of the Republic of Indonesia in the western part of Sumatera. Geologically, this island has never been integrated with the sumateran mainland, in contrast to the upper islands such as, Nias and Mentawai, thus, the only access to this island is from the sea.  From the result of study in the field, it is known that this island was once used as a coconut plantation land by the Dutch, and controlled by the Japanese since 1943. During Japanese period, the island was focused on being a naval base as evidenced by the existence of defense buildings such as pillboxes and bunkers on the Enggano coast. One of the archeological findings that is interesting and has never been studied is the bottle. From the results of the analysis, the findings of the bottle have a different form, origin, and technology. The technology of making bottles has developed from time to time. This technology is known from the traces of its manufacture, namely the vertical lines and bubbles contained in the bottle. From the results of the reading of the inscriptions and bottle comparisons, it is known that the bottles are from Europe and Asia, and contain a type of alcoholic beverage.

Balok River is one of the rivers in the southern part of Belitung Island, which empties into Balok Bay. This bay forms wide and sheltered water in which it is directly connected to the Java Sea. This paper aims to provide an overview of the past maritime relationship pattern along the Balok River and the surrounding waterfront environment. This study examines existing data from archaeological research conducted by South Sumatra Archaeological Research Office and the National Archaeological Research Center from 2011 to 2021. Archaeological remains such as ceramic artifacts from China, Southeast Asia, and Europe showed that these regions had been involved in long-distance international trade networks. Regional contact with outsiders is also proved by findings of pottery shreds such as jug and roof tile fragments that were not produced locally in the Belitung area. Oral history reveals that there was once arouse a kingdom named the Balok Kingdom along this river. This kingdom raised in the sixteenth century. Nevertheless, dwellings from the period before the Balok Kingdom’s existence is unknown. The toponym along the Balok River also indicates topographical features associated with maritime culture, namely Pangkalan. This toponym probably refers to the docks in the past. At this time, places using pangkalan toponyms are still functioned as boat mooring places by Balok Villagers and its surroundings. Balok River is the main route for people to the sea for fishing

Manusia dapat melakukan berbagai aktivitas untuk bertahan hidup sesuai dengan lingkungan fisik di sekitarnya, dan pada akhirnya menyisakan bentanglahan yang sedemikian rupa saat ini. Dalam upaya bertahan hidup, strategi subsistensi merupakan faktor paling mendasar dalam aktivitas kehidupan manusia. Rekonstruksi aktivitas manusia dalam menjalankan strategi subsistensinya pada masa lalu dapat dilakukan dengan mengkaji lingkungan fisik dan tinggalan arkeologi yang tersisa. Pulau Belitung memiliki peranan penting pada masa kolonial karena kondisi geografisnya. Potensi tambang timahnya mampu menarik perhatian pemerintah Hindia-Belanda untuk mulai melakukan eksploitasi pada abad ke-19 Masehi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami pola aktivitas masyarakat di pesisir selatan Pulau Belitung dalam menjalankan strategi subsistensinya dari abad ke-19 hingga awal abad ke-20 Masehi, dengan menggunakan pendekatan geoarkeologi. Variabel yang digunakan sebagai dasar analisis adalah topografi, morfologi, bentuklahan, serta distribusi situs arkeologi dan jenis temuan arkeologi yang ditinggalkan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pola aktivitas masyarakat di pesisir selatan Pulau Belitung melibatkan dua ekosistem, yakni perairan dan kelekak. Dua ekosistem tersebut memiliki kedudukan penting dalam kehidupan sehari-hari masyarakat di pesisir selatan Pulau Belitung, di mana tambang timah merupakan produk yang mayoritas dieksploitasi. Humans can carry out various activities to survive following the physical environment around them, and eventually, leaving such landscapes as it is today. To survive, the subsistence strategy is the most fundamental factor in human life activities. The reconstruction of human activities in carrying out their subsistence strategy in the past can be done by examining the physical environment and the remaining archaeological remnants. Pulau Belitung played an important role during the colonial period due to its geographical conditions. The potential for tin mining was able to attract the attention of the Dutch East Indies government to start exploiting it in the 19th century. This study aims to comprehend the pattern of community activity on the southern coast of Pulau Belitung in carrying out its subsistence strategy from the 19th to the early 20th century, using a geoarcheological approach. The variables used as the basis for the analysis are topography, morphology, landform, and distribution of archaeological sites and the types of archaeological items left behind. The results of this study indicate that the pattern of community activity on the southern coast of Pulau Belitung Island involves two ecosystems, which are aquatic and kelekak. The two ecosystems have an important position in the daily life of the people on the southern coast of Pulau Belitung, where tin mining is the product that is mostly exploited.