ABSTRAK: Ekstraksi berbantu ultrasonik (Ultrasound Assisted Extraction, UAE) dapat meningkatkan rendemen, kualitas dan fungsionalitas ekstrak serta mempersingkat waktu ekstraksi. Fuli memiliki lebih banyak senyawa aromatik yang dapat dipertahankan dalam berbagai proses pengolahan daripada biji pala. Pengeringan menjadi proses penting yang mempengaruhi kualitas fuli pala sebagai bahan baku oleoresin. Penelitian ini membandingkan rendemen, sifat fisik dan komposisi senyawa kimia oleoresin fuli pala hasil UAE pada metode pengeringan yang berbeda. Fuli pala dikeringkan dengan dua metode pengeringan (penjemuran dan pengasapan), digiling menjadi bubuk berukuran 60 mesh. UAE diaplikasikan pada bubuk fuli pala dalam etanol (1:4 b:v) pada frekuensi 20 kHz, daya 700 W, amplitudo 90%, suhu maksimum 50 o C dan waktu ekstraksi 45 menit. Maserasi selama 7 jam pada suhu ruang dilakukan sebagai perlakuan kontrol. Sifat fisik (bobot jenis, indeks bias, nilai a*, kroma dan hue) oleoresin fuli pala hasil UAE berbeda nyata antara pengasapan dan penjemuran. Sifat fisik (bobot jenis, indeks bias, nilai L, nilai a*, nilai b*, kroma dan hue) oleoresin juga berbeda nyata antara hasil ekstraksi berbantu ultrasonik dan maserasi. Pengasapan menghasilkan rendemen, sisa penguapan dan total senyawa utama oleoresin fuli pala hasil ekstraksi berbantu ultrasonik (19,78%, 24,36%, dan 63,37%) lebih tinggi dari penjemuran (15,

Blueberries' quality does not change uniformly during ripeness. Blueberries should be harvested fully ripened at the post-climacteric stage with an excellent indicator including consistent color, taste, and ease of removal from plant as excellent indicators. Therefore, the blueberries are not harvested until it has the desired blue color. The reliance on human perception on the fruit's taste and appearance might cause inconsistency and inaccurate judgment of the fruit maturation. This study aimed to develop an image processing algorithm capable of classifying blueberry maturity stages. The Bluecrop Northern highbush blueberry was harvested at five different stages of maturity based on visual grading of the fruit color (green, green-red, red, red-blue, and blue) from various fruit positions on the tree. Image processing with discriminant analysis accurately classified maturity stages at 98.3% accuracy. The image quality attributes of blueberries changed significantly at different maturity stages. Overall, most image quality attributes correlated strongly with well-performed blueberry physicochemical properties. This study showed that image processing during the blueberry maturation process could be a reliable and comprehensible method for estimating changes in color, shape, weight, and ultimately changes in specific physicochemical properties. This study also provided a practical evaluation of the maturity stages and physicochemical properties, which were predicted using image processing.

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Light-Emitting Diode (LED) improves photosynthesis, vegetative development, seed germination, and chlorophyll content in a controlled-environment plant cultivation system. This study used LEDs as artificial grow illumination with 4 four distinct ratios, 100% blue, 100% red, 100% white, 67%:20%:13% red:blue:white, for 12 hours. Microgreens were watered twice daily with 250 ppm of plant nutrients, using a commercial AB mix and liquid organic fertilizer. Different LED ratios have varied lux and Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density (PPFD), i.e. 100 lux and 44.26 mol·m−2·s−1 PPFD for 100% blue; 600 lux and 20.32 mol·m−2·s−1 PPFD for 100% red; 1000 lux and 95.92 mol·m−2·s−1 PPFD for 100% white; 350 lux, and 37.33 mol·m−2·s−1 for 67%:20%:13% red:blue:white; with maintained 25-27°C of temperature and 70-80% of relative humidity. The 100% white LED lamp with AB Mix as plant nutrient resulted in the best growth of red and green spinach microgreens, with height, leaf area, fresh weight, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll content of 2.98 cm, 1.32 cm2, 0.14 gr, 19.05 mg/ L, 11.38 mg/L, 19.76 mg/L for green spinach and 3.01 cm, 0.91 cm2, 0.08 g, 19.12 mg/L, 9.93 mg/L, 18.50 mg/L for red spinach.

Microgreens are quickly-grown greens that are suitable for urban areas. The accumulation of chlorophyll in plants is essential for both nutritional compounds and the microgreen’s attractive appearance. A plant factory is a controlled-environment cultivation method that employs LEDs to enhance photosynthesis, vegetative development, seed germination, and chlorophyll accumulation. This work used VIS-NIR for the quantitative determination of chlorophyll content in green and red spinach microgreens grown under four different LED light intensities with four different ratios, with 100% blue, red, and white LED, and 67%:20%:13% of red:blue: white LED, as artificial grow for 12 hours illumination. The performance of MSC, AN, SNV, smoothing, and the first and second Savitzky-Golay’s derivatives (SGD) were examined. PLSR explained accurately predicted R2C, R2P, RMSEC, and RMSEP up to 0.957, 0.892, 1.054, and 1.661 for chlorophyll a using SGD 1st; 0.813, 0.652, 0.979, and 1.338 for chlorophyll b using SNV; and 0.931, 0.876, 1.155, and 1.550 for total chlorophyll using SNV. The wavelength region of 400 to 700 nm was dominant based on the best regression coefficient (β) for predicting green and red spinach microgreens. Results demonstrated that VIS-NIR spectroscopy, combined with chemometric techniques, PLSR, can be used to evaluate the chlorophyll content of green and red spinach microgreens.