ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bobot badan dan karakteristik morfometrik beberapa galur ayam lokal. Materi penelitian ini adalah ayam kampung super, ayam kampung unggul balitnak (KUB), dan ayam kampung masing-masing sebanyak 82 ekor. Data yang dihimpun adalah bobot badan, panjang paruh, lebar paruh, panjang kepala, lingkar kepala, tinggi kepala, panjang leher, lingkar leher, panjang sayap, panjang punggung, tinggi punggung, panjang dada, lebar dada, panjang shank, lingkar shank, panjang tibia, lingkar tibia, panjang jari ketiga dan jarak antara tulang pubis. Data bobot badan dan ukuran-ukuran tubuh dianalisis menggunakan uji-t sedangkan vektor nilai rata-rata ukuran-ukuran tubuh dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji T2-Hotelling. Analisis komponen utama digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi penciri ukuran dan bentuk tubuh ayam lokal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bobot bahwa bobot badan ayam kampung Super (837,98±68,97 g) berbeda nyata dengan ayam KUB (713,15±66,75 g) dan ayam kampung (605,53±80,01 g). Secara umum ayam kampung super memiliki morfometrik yang relatif lebih tinggi daripada ayam KUB dan ayam kampung. Penciri ukuran tubuh ayam kampung super dan ayam KUB adalah panjang tibia, sedangkan ayam kampung adalah lebar dada. Penciri bentuk tubuh ayam kampung super adalah lebar dada, sedangkan ayam KUB dan ayam kampung adalah panjang punggung. Disimpulkan bahwa bobot badan dan morfometrik tertinggi ditemukan pada ayam kampung super, disusul ayam KUB dan ayam kampung. Ayam kampung Super dan ayam KUB memiliki penciri ukuran tubuh (panjang tibia) yang berbeda dengan ayam kampung (lebar dada). Ayam kampung super memiliki penciri bentuk tubuh (lebar dada) yang berbeda dengan ayam KUB dan ayam kampung (panjang punggung).Kata Kunci: ayam lokal, bobot badan, karakteristk morfometrikABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the bodyweight and morphometric characteristics of several local chicken strains. The research material were three strains of native chicken: kampong super chicken, kampung unggul balitnak (KUB) chicken, and kampung chicken, each strains consisted of 82 heads. Data collection on body weight and morphometric characteristics were performed at 2 months of age. Data collected includes: body weight and morphometric characteristics which include beak length, beak width, head length, head circumference, head height, neck length, neck circumference, wing length, back length, back height, chest length, chest width, shank length, shank circumference, tibia length, tibia circumference, third finger length and pubic bone distance. Data collected were analyzed using t-test to determine differences in body weight and body measurements between chicken strains. Average value vector of chicken body measurements was analyzed using T2-Hotelling statistical test. Principal component analysis statistical test was used to identify the shape and size characteristics of each chicken strain. Data processing was assisted by using Minitab statistical software version 18. Results of this study showed that kampong super chicken has best bodyweight and body weight gain among other strains. The identifier of body size and shape of kampong super chicken were tibia length and breast width. The identifier of body size and shape of KUB chicken were tibia length and back length, while the identifier of body size and shape of the kampung chicken were chest width and back length. Keywords: body weight, native chicken, morphometric characteristic
Abstract The research of this study aims to know quantitative characteristics and genetic distance of several local chicken strains. The research material is Super chicken, KUB chicken, and Kampung chicken. The method used was an experiment with a sample of 82 chickens from each strain. Retrieval of BW and AVG data are collected every month until the age of 2 months, while body measurements are taken at the age of 2 months. The data collected are quantitative characteristics includes body weight, weight gain, beak length, beak width, head length, head circumference, head height, neck length, neck circumference, wing length, back length, back height, back height, chest length, chest width, shank length, shank circumference, tibia length, tibia circumference, third finger length and pubic bone distance. Data collected were analyzed using t-test to see the difference in BB, PBB, and body measurements using Minitab statistical software 18. Mahalanobis distance approach with a matrix of variance between variables based on chicken strains was arranged into a matrix to determine the discriminant function and then form phylogenetic trees by using the MEGA X program via the UPGMA method. Body weight, average daily gain, and body sizes of Super chickens are bigger than other strains of chickens, while the smallest is owned by Kampung chickens. The closest genetic distance matrix was shown by Super chickens to KUB chickens (4.08) and the farthest genetic distance was shown by KUB chickens to Kampung chickens (13.87). Keywords: Genetic distance; Local chicken; Quantitatif characteristic Abstrak Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui karakteristik kuantitatif dan jarak genetik beberapa galur ayam lokal. Materi penelitian ini adalah ayam Super, ayam KUB, dan ayam Kampung. Metode yang digunakan adalah eksperimen dengan sampel 82 ekor ayam jantan/betina yang dipelihara umur 1 hari sampai umur 2 bulan pada masing-masing galur. Pengambilan data BB dan PBB diambil pada setiap bulan hingga ayam berumur 2 bulan, sedangkan ukuran-ukuran tubuh diambil pada umur 2 bulan. Data yang dihimpun adalah karakteristik kuantitatif meliputi bobot badan, pertambahan bobot badan, panjang paruh, lebar paruh, panjang kepala, lingkar kepala, tinggi kepala, panjang leher, lingkar leher, panjang sayap, panjang punggung, tinggi punggung, panjang dada, lebar dada, panjang shank, lingkar shank, panjang tibia, lingkar tibia, panjang jari ketiga dan jarak tulang pubis. Data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis menggunakan uji-t untuk melihat perbedaan BB, PBB, dan ukuran-ukuran tubuh menggunakan perangkat lunak statistika Minitab 18. Pendekatan jarak Mahalanobis dengan matriks peragam antara peubah berdasarkan galur ayam disusun menjadi sebuah matriks untuk mengetahui fungsi diskriminan kemudian membentuk pohon filogenetik dengan menggunakan program MEGA X melalui metode UPGMA. BB, PBB, dan ukuran-ukuran tubuh ayam Super lebih besar dibandingkan dengan galur ayam lainnya, sedangkan yang paling kecil dimiliki oleh ayam Kampung. Nilai matrik jarak genetik terdekat ditunjukkan oleh ayam Super dengan ayam KUB (4,08) dan jarak genetik terjauh ditunjukkan oleh ayam KUB dengan ayam Kampung (13,87). Kata Kunci: Ayam lokal; Jarak genetik; Karakteristik kuantiatif
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