The aim of the article is to analyze the influence of corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives by firm on firm performance and firm risk. Moreover, the mediating role of firm reputation in CSR/performance and CSR/risk relationship is also examined. Data were collected from European and Asian firms listed on Fortune's Most Admired Countries for the period 2014-2018. Using logit regression model and OLS regressions, we find that CSR has a significant positive influence on firm reputation and firm performance whereas on firm risk it is negative. Based on our results, we also confirm that firm reputation does mediate the relationship between CSR-firm performance and CSR-firm risk. This study adds to CSR related literature by providing more reliable and objective evidence on the role of firm reputation in CSR engagement and also provides direction for future studies in this context.

A purified polyclonal antiserum directed against the isolated main 80 kD IROMP (iron-regulated outer-membrane protein) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 detected only the 80 kD polypeptide of outer-membrane proteins from PAO1 cells grown in iron deficiency in Western blots. It was also shown to inhibit the uptake of 59Fe pyoverdin by PAO1 cells as well as its binding to purified outer membranes. Immunofluorescence experiments with intact PAO1 cells confirmed that the receptor is present only at the surface of cells grown under conditions of iron deficiency. All these data allow us to conclude that the 80 kD main IROMP of P. aeruginosa is indeed the receptor for the siderophore ferripyoverdin.

Highlights Drawbacks of chemical fertilizers have attracted the attention of farmers toward biofertilizers. Nitrogen fixer Azotobacter SR-4 and phosphorus solubilizer Asphergillus Niger were produced and observed to be efficient biofertilzers. A significant increase in yield parameters were observed when these biofertilizers were evaluated on Bottle gourd and okra. In conclusion, biofertilizers or microbial inoculants could be used as an alternate source, which are both cost-effective as well as eco-friendly.

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