Both hip joints in 156 children, aged 2 months to 2 years, were examined by ultrasonography (ultrasound) and radiography. Pathologic findings were based on an increased acetabular index, bony defects of the lateral acetabular rim, and lateral and/or proximal displacement of the proximal femur. Each hip was classified as normal, dysplasia, subluxation, or dislocation. The same diagnosis was reached by ultrasound and radiography in 303 of the 312 hips. The accordance was good in normal joints, in subluxation, and in dislocation. However in 7 of the 15 hips with radiographic dysplasia, ultrasound was normal. These patients were not treated, and spontaneous normalization or improvement occurred in all of them. One parameter only, the distance from the lateral margin of the ossification center of the femoral head to Perkins' line, was measured by both ultrasound and radiography; the correlation was high (r = 0.73). We recommend ultrasound as the primary imaging technique when congenital dislocation is suspected clinically.

Eleven patients with cervicogenic headache took part in a radiological diagnostic workup related to the head and neck. All the patients were female with a mean age of 43 years (range 25-59) at the onset of the study. Cerebral and cervical computer tomography as well as standard X-ray of the spine were carried out in all patients. Six patients underwent cerebral angiography and six cervical myelography. The different investigations showed no typical characteristic pathology in the group. No indication of a common therapeutic approach in this group of patients could therefore be derived from these investigations.

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In patients with a classical appearance of gynecomastia on mammography, supplemental ultrasound, FNAC, or biopsy is superfluous and contributes to unnecessary costs.

ABSTRACT. It is well established that there is an increased frequency of atlanto‐axial instability in Down's syndrome. In two out of the 27 patients with Down's syndrome who were examined, there was an atlanto‐axial dislocation, bus without any corresponding neurological symptoms. However, scrutiny of me X‐rays revealed many cases with marked degenerative changes, particularly in the upper part of the cervical spine. The degenerative changes in Down's syndrome patients were compared with those in age‐ and sex‐matched patients examined because of cerviealgia. Patients examined because of acute neck traumatas constituted a second control group. I he results indicate that there is a significant increase in degenerative changes in the upper part of the cervical spine in Down's syndrome.