Kesadaran bela negara itu hakikatnya ialah kesediaan berbakti pada negara dan kesediaan berkorban membela negara. Tercakup di dalamnya adalah bersikap dan berbuat yang terbaik bagi bangsa dan negara. Wujud bela negara ialah cinta tanah air, kesadaran berbangsa dan bernegara, yakin akan kesaktian Pancasila, rela berkorban untuk bangsa dan negara, serta mempunyai kemampuan awal bela negara. Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah angket dengan analisis kuantitatif pada nilai mean. Kesadaran bela negara pada mahasiswa diimplemtasikan pada membuang sampah pada tempat yang disediakan, perlindungan dan keamanan bagi masyarakat sudah baik, taat beragama dengan sudah melaksanakan dan menjalankan ibadah dan menjaga kerukunan hidup di antara sesama umat beragama dan kepercayaan terhadap Tuhan yang Maha Esa, sadar telah membina diri saya sendiri agar dapat mandiri kelak, dan bangga kepada perjuangan para pahlawan. Namun ada kesadaran bela negara pada mahasiswa masih kurang yaitu turut menjaga keamanan lingkungan kampus, tidak cukup mewakili kampus dalam kegiatan olah raga dan seni, masih mengedepankan kepentingan pribadi dibadingkan kepentingan bangsa dan negara, cenderung memilih tidak memilih (golput) pada pemilu mendatang, dan kurang berminat menjadi anggota menwa atau tentara.
Bioethanol is a renewable energy that can replace gasoline, which will run out in the future. This study investigates the influence of magnetization of bioethanol fuel on the fuel combustion temperature in the combustion chamber of a gasoline motor. The fuel used is bioethanol with a composition of E0 (pure gasoline), E10 (10 % bioethanol+90 % gasoline), E20 (20 % bioethanol+80 % gasoline), E30 (30 % bioethanol+70 % gasoline), E40 (40 % bioethanol+60 % gasoline). The fuel passed through the magnet with a magnetic variation of 647.15 Gauss, 847.25 Gauss, 1419.57 Gauss. The temperature sensor used is a K-type thermocouple. The temperature sensor was inserted in the combustion chamber to measure the combustion chamber temperature. The thermocouple data were recorded in Microsoft Excel on a computer using the LabVIEW program via NI-USB 9213 interface. The temperature data recorded is 400 data/second. The results obtained without exposure to the magnetic field, the lowest peak temperature of 577.1998 °C at E40 and the highest peak temperature of 582.1786 °C at E0. The higher the bioethanol content, the lower the temperature of fuel combustion to the low bioethanol viscosity. The increasing magnetic field strength will increase the combustion temperature; hence the fuel burned quickly and the combustion process is more perfect. The result obtained with the magnetic field exposure, the lowest peak temperature of 577.8347 °C is at E40. The highest peak temperature of 587.36 °C is at E0. The use of a magnetic field in the bioethanol fuel mixture can increase the combustion temperature so that the fuel molecules move freely and the fuel is more easily mixed with oxygen. As more fuel is burned, the combustion of the fuel becomes complete
ABSTRACT Electric vehicles are one solution to the pollution problem Because the power source of electric vehicle battery or batteries are often called, that vehicles are environmentally friendly or you could say "zero emission". This can reduce CO2 levels and the like in the air as the chemical that causes global warming. UN and developed countries are doing the development of this vehicle, with the hope of the future is not there Electric car drive system consists of the energy system, and system control. Energy system consists of charging systems and energy storage. Control system using a switch divider associated with springs and brake pedal, in which the system is functioning as a controller and a safety that can break the power system when the driver slammed on the brakes. This four-wheeled car and driven with a DC dynamo is sourced from the battery. Vehicle transmission system uses sprockets - chains. Sprocket mounted on the connecting shaft and rear axle sprocket keyway is used (the peg) and then attach the rear axle in the wheel 2 pieces. 2 pieces mounted directly onto the front wheel steering system. At the rear axle in pairs 1 piece motorcycle disc brakes. 12 volt battery with 100 ampere specification as much as 2 pieces in pairs in parallel, will produce about 2400 watts of power. Resources will be channeled to the dynamo in DC (36 volt, 2.7 HP, 2880 rpm). The working principle is based on the direction of motor current carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field then the conductor will experience a force. Keywords: zero emission, dynamo, magnetic field ABSTRAK Kendaraan listrik adalah salah satu jalan keluar atas masalah polusi tersebut. Karena kendaraan listrik sumber tenaganya dari baterai atau sering disebut aki, sehingga kendaraan ini sangat ramah lingkungan atau bisa dibilang “zero emission”. Hal ini dapat mengurangi kadar CO2 dan sejenisnya di udara sebagai bahan kimia yang menyebabkan global warming. PBB dan Negara maju sedang melakukan pengembangan kendaraan ini, dengan harapan di masa depan sudah tidak ada Sistem penggerak mobil listrik terdiri dari sistem energi,dan sistem kendali. Sistem energi ini terdiri dari sistem charging dan tempat penyimpanan energi. Sistem kendali menggunakan saklar pembatas yang berhubungan dengan pedal pegas dan rem, di mana sistem ini berfungsi sebagai pengendali dan pengaman yang dapat memutus sistem daya pada saat pengemudi menginjak pedal rem. Mobil ini beroda 4 dan digerakan dengan dynamo DC yang bersumber dari aki. System transmisi vehicle ini menggunakan sprocket – rantai. Sprocket dipasang di poros belakang penghubung poros dan sprocket digunakan keyway (pasak) kemudian poros belakang di pasangkan 2 buah roda. 2 buah roda depan dipasang langsung ke system steering. Pada poros belakang di pasang 1 buah rem cakram motor. Aki dengan spefikasi 12 volt 100 ampere sebanyak 2 buah di pasang secara parallel, akan menghasilkan daya sekitar 2400 watt. Daya tersebut akan di salurkan ke dynamo DC (36 volt, 2,7 HP, 2880 rpm). Prinsip kerja motor searah berdasarkan pada penghantar yang membawa arus ditempatkan dalam suatu medan magnet maka penghantar tersebut akan mengalami gaya. Kata kunci : zero emission, dynamo, medan magnet
ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the feasibility of the F3 Milling machine by testing / measuring geometric accuracy, whether it was in accordance with the specifications recommended by the manufacturer and is still fit for use. The method used is to melakukanpengukuran each component / parts that are directly related to the main movements. Data from the measurement results are processed and compared to a reference from the factory, the activity starts from setting up the machine to be tested in a state of static, aids and measuring devices precision. The results of these measurements will determine whether this F3 milling machine precision is still appropriate dengann accuracy of data contained in the manuals and still fit for use. Keywords: optimization, geometric accuracy, machine tools, measures to ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan mesin Milling F3 dengan melakukan pengujian / pengukuran ketelitian geometriknya, apakah masih sesuai dengan spesifikasinya yang direkomendasikan oleh pabrik pembuatnya dan masih layak digunakan. Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan melakukanpengukuran setiap komponen / bagian yang berhubungan langsung dengan gerakan-gerakan utamanya. Data hasil dari pengukuran diproses dan dibandingkan dengan acuan dari pabrik, kegiatan dimulai dari menyiapkan mesin yang akan diuji dalam keadaan static, alat-alat bantu dan alat-alat ukur presisi. Hasil dari Pengukuran ini akan mengetahui apakah mesin milling F3 ini ketelitiannya masih sesuai dengann data ketelitian yang tercantum pada buku manualnya dan masih layak digunakan. Kata kunci : optimasi, ketelitian geometric, mesin perkakas, layak guna
Research related to the magnetization of fossil fuels is currently believed to be able to improve the quality of combustion due to the cluster decluster effect on the fuel. Fossil fuels are finite and non-renewable. Meanwhile, non-fossil energy, especially bioethanol, despite having more environmentally friendly exhaust gas emissions and higher octane rating than gasoline, has a lower calorific value than gasoline. To overcome this deficiency, the fuel magnetization of a mixture of gasoline and bioethanol is carried out. The fuel is used in 4 stroke injection motorcycles. Furthermore, the performance of the 4-stroke injection motorcycle was observed. the fuel mixture without magnetization was used as a control variable. The intensity of the electromagnetic field used is less than 2,000 Gauss, this is different from previous analysts. As a result, the magnetized motorcycle experienced an increase in torque of 4.48 – 7.30%, power of 4 – 9.90%, and a decrease in SFC of 6 – 9.20%.
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