IntroductionThe elderly population is increasing around the world, and the prevalence of dementia increases with age. Hence, it is expected that the number of people with dementia will increase significantly in the coming years. The Mini–Mental Status Examination – 2 (MMSE-2) and Mini-Cog are widely used tests to screen for dementia. These scales have good reliability and validity and are easy to administer in clinical and research settings.AimThe purpose of this study was to validate the Arabic versions of MMSE-2 and Mini-Cog. These scales were assessed against the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) criteria for dementia, as the gold standard.MethodsThe standard versions of the MMSE-2 and Mini-Cog were translated to Arabic following the back-translation method. Then, a trained rater administered these tests to 134 Arab elderly aged >60 years. A physician, blind to the results of these two tests, assessed the participants for vascular dementia or probable Alzheimer’s disease, based on the DSM-IV-TR criteria.ResultsThe sample included 67.2% Qataris. The mean age was 74.86 years (standard deviation =7.71), and 61.9% did not attend school. The mean of the adjusted scores of MMSE-2 based on age and education level was 19.60 (standard deviation =6.58). According to DSM-IV-TR, 17.2% of the participants had dementia. Sensitivity and specificity of the MMSE-2 and the Mini-Cog together were 71.4% and 61.6%, respectively, which were better than those of each test alone.ConclusionTogether, the Arabic versions of MMSE-2 and Mini-Cog are good screening tools for cognitive impairment in Arabs.

The aim of this Study is to explain the competences of junior high school teacher's in

This study aims to produce a learning media design in the form of multimedia mathematics based inquiry learning for fourth grade students of elementary school. This type of research is development research using the 4D model. This study looks at how the procedures for developing multimedia learning mathematics learning are viewed from the form of flowcharts, Storyboarding, and multimedia programming results of mathematics learning. Then validation was seen from 3 aspects including the content aspect, constructive aspects and language aspects. From the results of the research that has been carried out obtained the average validation of 84.5 with a very valid category. Based on the research data that has been obtained, it can be concluded that the multimedia learning mathematics based inquiry has been valit and can be used in learning in elementary school.

<p class="Abstract">E-commerce applications to sell various products produced by students in higher education can increase income-generating. However, a few universities still use e-commerce to sell student products, especially learning products. This research aims to produce an e-commerce application for web-based learning products in universities. The research method is development research with a research design using the waterfall model. The waterfall model procedure consists of analysis, design, coding, and testing. The system design uses Unified Modeling Language (UML) modeling such as context diagrams, class diagrams, use case diagrams, and activity diagrams. The system's coding uses the PHP programming language, Jquery, and the Boostrap Framework. The testing stage is through black-box analysis carried out by experts in the field of system design, with the results of testing each case being well-integrated and feasible to be applied. The result of the research is a web-based e-commerce application that sells learning products in universities.</p>