No abstract

There are challenging problems to solve in cybersecurity. We must engage women as an untapped resource in our national effort to protect our country and critical infrastructure. Developing original ways to engage young women serves to address this recognized national need for recruitment through security education at the K-12 and undergraduate level. This would further address the widening gap between the availability and demand for qualified and diverse security professionals. Designing security iterations that are creative, socially relevant, and accessible to an underrepresented population in cybersecurity is a challenge that informs how education and outreach can be performed within other contexts. This research will discuss the CybHER model for engaging and supporting young women in cybersecurity while anchoring them to this field. By providing 5 different interventions, CybHER seeks to empower, motivate, educate, and anchor girls to cybersecurity. Further, existing CybHER outreach activities and lessons will be discussed.

The growth of the Internet has created a corresponding growth in Internet-based crimes and online misbehavior, particularly among younger computer-savvy people. Younger generations have grown up in a world where internet access, social networking, e-commerce and smartphones are commonplace. Given this fact, they have learned how to use, and how to abuse, technology. This leads us to define a new category of cybercrime called a Personal Denial of Service attack (PDOS). A PDOS is a cyber-crime in which an individual deliberately prevents the access of another individual or small group to online services such as email or banking. Due to the nature of a PDOS, these acts can be overlooked by law enforcement and organizations that operate Internet infrastructure, such as universities. Our motivation for this work is twofold: to stress the need for cyber ethics education at the university level, and to illustrate how a previously uncategorized type of cyber crime is easily perpetrated in such an environment. To achieve these goals, we define a PDOS attack and discuss how it differs from other categories of attacks. We also examine the motivation for a PDOS attack in the context of the Routine Activities Theory of criminal justice. We further discuss a "proof of concept" survey administered at four different universities to ascertain their attitudes towards online account breaches as related to a PDOS attack. The survey provides initial evidence that account breaches, which are an integral part of a PDOS attack, are a worrisome threat on university campuses and further points to a need for cyber ethics training.

Bluetooth technology (BT) and the inherent security vulnerabilities it introduces into business domains are often overlooked when security policies are developed. However, the International Data Corporation (IDC) projected that global Bluetooth short-wave wire semiconductor revenue will triple from $1.7 billion in 2007 , to $3.3 billion in 2012 (Reidy, 2008. After a brief history of Bluetooth technology, researchers will examine how Bluetooth works, its vulnerabilities, and how these vulnerabilities can be exploited. Bluetooth malware and its associated risks will also be explored. As a practical approach to monitor Bluetooth threats and malware, the employment of a Bluetooth honeypot will be discussed, including honeypot structure and the legalities of deploying them. Building on Andrew Smith's earlier work developing Bluepot, a functional Bluetooth honeypot (Smith, 2011), researchers will test Bluepot and discuss the feasibility of using it as a prototype for developing a functional Bluetooth honeypot to secure corporate data and analyze BT malware.

Despite gains in academic participation, women still face gender disparity in salary among Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) fields. Although this finding is prevalent across the literature, most studies have been conducted within a single institution or field. Here, we determine the extent to which gender inequality in salaries exists across STEM faculty of a regental state system in the Midwestern United States. Salaries of STEM faculty across nine years were collected from the six state institutions within that regental system. Controlling for rank, year, and length of service, female STEM faculty earned significantly less than their male counterparts and these disparities were evident even within the first year of service. As percentage-based increases in salary will not remove the existing gender-based inequity among salaries, other system-wide policies are likely needed to address current levels of gender inequity.