Abstract:The purpose of this research was to develop a matrix-type transdermal therapeutic system containing drug Aceclofenac with different ratios of hydrophilic (hydroxyl propyl cellulose) and hydrophobic (ethyl cellulose) polymeric systems by the solvent evaporation technique by using 15 % w/w of dibutyl phthalate to the polymer weight, incorporated as plasticizer. Different concentrations of oleic acid and isopropyl myristate were used to enhance the transdermal permeation of Aceclofenac. The physicochemical compatibility of the drug and the polymers studied by differential scanning calorimetry and infrared spectroscopy suggested absence of any incompatibility. Formulated transdermal films were physically evaluated with regard to thickness, weight variation, drug content, flatness, tensile strength, folding endurance, percentage of moisture content and water vapour transmission rate. All prepared formulations indicated good physical stability. In-vitro permeation studies of formulations were performed by using Franz diffusion cells. Formulation prepared with hydrophilic polymer containing permeation enhancer showed best in-vitro skin permeation through rat skin (Wistar albino rat) as compared to all other formulations. The results followed the release profile of Aceclofenac followed mixed zero-order and first-order kinetics in different formulation. However, the release profile of the optimized formulation F9 (r 2 = 0.9935 for Higuchi) indicated that the permeation of the drug from the patches was governed by a diffusion mechanism. Formulation F9 showed highest flux among all the formulations and 1.369 fold enhancements in drug permeation. These results indicate that the formulation containing 15 % of oleic acid with 10 % Isopropyl myristate give better penetration of Aceclofenac through rat skin.

Antifungal drug, Ketoconazole was encapsulated in liposomes for topical application. Ketoconazole liposomes were prepared by thin film hydration technique using soya lecithin, cholesterol and drug in different weight ratios. The prepared liposomes were characterized for size, shape, entrapment efficiency, in-vitro drug release (by franz diffusion cell) and physical stability. The studies demonstrated successful preparation of Ketoconazole liposomes and effect of soya lecithin: cholesterol weight ratio on entrapment efficiency and on drug release.

The aim of this work was to prepare and evaluate the topical carbopol gel formulation containing ketoconazole encapsulated liposomes. Ketoconazole loaded liposomes were prepared by thin film hydration technique. The prepared liposomes were incorporated into 1% carbopol gel, and the systems were evaluated for in-vitro drug release, drug retention into skin and in-vitro antifungal activity. The in-vitro permeation of ketoconazole using wistar albino rat skin from liposomal gel was compared with that of plain drug gel and also with plain drug cream containing 2% w/w of ketoconazole. The release of ketoconazole from liposomal gel was much slower than from non liposomal formulations. Gel containing liposomal ketoconazole showed maximum antifungal activity after 30 hours over plain ketoconazole gel and cream formulations.

The present investigation deals with the formulation, optimization and evaluation of sodium alginate based In situ gel of Clarithromycin and Metronidazole Benzoate. Sodium alginate used as a polymer and CaCO 3 was used as a cross-linking agent. The In situ formulation exhibited well, viscosity, drug content and sustained drug release; this study reports that oral administration of aqueous solutions containing sodium alginate results in formation of In situ gel, such formulations are homogenous liquid when administered orally and become gel at the contact site. The results of a 3 2 full factorial design revealed that the concentration of sodium alginate and concentration of CaCO 3 significantly affected the dependent variables Q 1 , Q 12 and T 80 . These In situ gels are, thus, suitable for oral sustained release of Clarithromycin and Metronidazole Benzoate.